Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.

Background: COVID-19 infection is generally regarded as an acute self-limiting illness in children, but it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both healthy and high-risk children. There are limited data on the outcomes of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the risks of mortality, in-hospital cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications in this patient population.

The association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade and risks of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks of gestation.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease with neurodevelopmental implications. This study aims to quantify the risks of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for each BPD grade among preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation.

Methods: We retrospectively studied infants who received care in our institution until at least 36 weeks postmenstrual age and had a formal neurodevelopmental assessment in our infant follow-up clinic using the Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development (BSID).

Oxygenation index in the first three weeks of life is a predictor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade in very preterm infants.

Background: The new bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) grading system was developed based on its correlation with long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes and may provide better personalized prognostication. Identifying early-life predictors for accurate BPD grade prediction may allow interventions to be tailored to individual needs. This study aimed to assess whether oxygenation index (OI) dynamics in the first three weeks of life are a predictor of BPD grade.

Renal Impairment Associated With Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use in the Pediatric Population.

Objective: Limited studies describe acute kidney injury (AKI) in children receiving trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT). The primary objective of this study was to describe AKI with SXT use in pediatric patients. Secondary objectives included describing the incidence of hyperkalemia and blood dyscrasias with SXT use.

Machine learning for prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-free survival among very preterm infants.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common and serious sequelae of prematurity. Prompt diagnosis using prediction tools is crucial for early intervention and prevention of further adverse effects. This study aims to develop a BPD-free survival prediction tool based on the concept of the developmental origin of BPD with machine learning.

Comparison of Home-Based vs Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Hospitalization, Medication Adherence, and Risk Factor Control Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Importance: Prior studies have suggested that participation in home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) vs center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) results in similar clinical outcomes in patients with low to moderate risk; however, outcome data from demographically diverse populations and patients who are medically complex are lacking.

Objective: To compare hospitalizations, medication adherence, and cardiovascular risk factor control between participants in HBCR vs CBCR.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), an integrated health care system serving approximately 4.

Rhabdomyosarcoma-Induced Uterine Inversion.

Nonpuerperal uterine inversion is a rare clinical condition that involves prolapse of the uterine fundus into the uterine cavity and vaginal vault and possibly passed the introitus. The majority of these cases commonly involve benign tumors such as leiomyoma. However, another common cause of nonpuerperal uterine inversion is due to malignancies such as sarcomas.

Clinical use of PARP inhibitor in recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma with presence of a somatic mutation.

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor associated with a poor prognosis. Research demonstrates that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) improve disease-stable survival in patients with somatic mutations through the process of synthetic lethality. Therefore, PARPi's may have a role in treating gynecologic malignancies with deleterious mutations.

Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Oncological Outcomes.

The treatment of rectal cancer is complex and involves specialized multidisciplinary care, although the tenet is still rooted in a high-quality total mesorectal excision. The robotic platform is one of many tools in the arsenal to assist dissection in the low pelvis. This article is a comprehensive review of the oncological outcome comparing robotic vs laparoscopic rectal cancer resection, with a particular focus on total mesorectal excision.

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in the Setting of Transient Renal Insufficiency.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare disease that can present in patients with kidney injury who have been exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). These patients can easily be misdiagnosed as having another disease because they do not fit the usual presentation of being on hemodialysis. We report a case of NSF occurring in a patient with resolved transient renal insufficiency and no history of chronic renal disease.

Controversial Dietary Patterns: A High Yield Primer for Clinicians.

In cardiology clinic visits, the discussion of optimal dietary patterns for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is usually very limited. Herein, we explore the benefits and risks of various dietary patterns, including intermittent fasting, low carbohydrate, Paleolithic, whole food plant-based diet, and Mediterranean dietary patterns within the context of cardiovascular disease to empower clinicians with the evidence and information they need to maximally benefit their patients.

Synchronous Bilateral Primary Testicular Tumors With Discordant Histopathology.

Concomitant presentation of histologically distinct bilateral testicular tumors is exceedingly rare. Here we report the case of a 20-year-old male who presented with a left testicular mass. He was found to have bilateral testicular masses on ultrasound and underwent bilateral orchiectomy.

Primary Retroperitoneal Malignant Melanoma with Involvement of Iliac Artery and Vein.

Primary retroperitoneal melanoma is a very rare extracutaneous presentation of melanoma. In this case report, we present a 65-year-old female with unilateral lower extremity edema secondary to occlusion of iliac vessels by a primary retroperitoneal melanoma tumor. We also review the findings in other cases previously described in the literature.

Trending Nutrition Controversies #3: Top Controversies in 2021.

Each year, patients are bombarded with diverging and even contradictory reports concerning the impact of certain additives, foods, and nutrients on cardiovascular health and its risk factors. Accordingly, this third review of nutrition controversies examines the impact of artificial sweeteners, cacao, soy, plant-based meats, nitrates, and meats from grass compared to grain-fed animals on cardiovascular and other health outcomes with the goal of optimizing clinician-led diet counseling.

An Imperfect Marker: SLE and TTP-Like MAHA Without Low ADAMTS13.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal condition that can be challenging for clinicians to identify in the setting of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This difficulty is compounded when a patient presents with all of the clinical signs of a TTP-like microangiopathy, however, with near normal ADAMTS13. This case report describes a 44-year-old female with a history of SLE who was hospitalized with acute on chronic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and altered mental status.

A Case Report of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Secondary to Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma after Avelumab.

Introduction: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine cancer with a high mortality rate of 33% to 46%. Merkel cell is a type of epidermis cell receptor responsible for contact sensitivity and is known to have neuroendocrine properties. Treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma with avelumab has been prominsing, but its rarity and poor prognosis necessitates close follow up.

Long-term follow-up of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with No change in first 5 Years of diagnosis.

Background: Discontinuation of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN) surveillance after 5 years of no change remains controversial. Long-term outcomes of BD-IPMN without significant changes in the first 5 years were evaluated.

Methods: We performed a multi-center retrospective analysis of patients with BD-IPMN diagnosis from 2005 to 2011 (follow-up until 2017).

Single Layer Biomaterial Repair of Frontal Sinus Encephalocele in a Pediatric Patient.

Introduction: Reconstruction of skull base defects are determined by size, location, and complexity of the defect.

Methods: Case report.

Case Discussion: An 11-year old girl presented with a right frontoethmoidal encephalocele after an episode of meningitis.

Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption.

Turmeric is a popular herbal dietary supplement that has been considered safe and even shown to have hepatoprotective properties. In the recent times, however, there have been a few case reports of turmeric-induced liver injury. We report a 55-year-old woman with chronic turmeric consumption whose initial diagnosis was acute autoimmune hepatitis.

Colonoscopy Leading to the Diagnosis of AL Amyloidosis in the Gastrointestinal Tract Mimicking an Acute Ulcerative Colitis Flare.

The 2 most common types of amyloidosis are light chain (AL) and reactive (AA). AL is associated with plasma cell dyscrasias; reactive (AA) is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. A few cases have described AL amyloidosis mimicking colitis.

The effect of prophylactic hemoclips on the risk of delayed post-endoscopic mucosal resection bleed for upper and lower gastrointestinal lesions: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive procedure used for the treatment of lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is increased usage of hemoclips during EMR for the prevention of delayed bleeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hemoclips in the prevention of delayed bleeding after EMR of upper and lower GI tract lesions.

Successful Implementation of Healthful Nutrition Initiatives into Hospitals.

Poor dietary quality is a leading contributor to mortality in the United States, and to most cardiovascular risk factors. By providing education on lifestyle changes and, specifically, dietary changes, hospitals have the opportunity to use the patient experience as a "teachable moment." The food options provided to inpatients and outpatients can be a paradigm for patients to follow upon discharge from the hospital.