Neighborhood Income Disparities in Unplanned Hospital Admission and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Unplanned admissions are associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased hospital resource utilization. We hypothesized that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from lower-income neighborhoods have higher rates of unplanned hospital admissions and greater resource utilization. Utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Database (2016 and 2019), we included children under 21 years of age with CHD, excluding newborn hospitalizations.

A phase II open label, randomized clinical trial of atezolizumab with or without human recombinant IL-7 (CYT107) in advanced urothelial cancer.

Purpose: Advanced urothelial cancer generally has high mortality despite modern anti-PD-1/L1 antibody-based combinations. Augmenting checkpoint inhibitor-mediated immune responses with lymphocyte growth factors may improve outcomes. We conducted a randomized phase II study (CITN-14) in 47 patients to explore whether human recombinant IL-7 (CYT107) could be safely combined with PD-L1 inhibition to enhance responses.

Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A HEALM Approach.

Dementia and cognitive decline pose significant global public health challenges, with prevalence expected to rise in the coming decades. Lifestyle medicine offers a promising approach to mitigating cognitive issues through six key interventions: diet, physical activity, restorative sleep, social connections, stress management, and avoiding risky substances. Traditional methods like randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have limitations in capturing the long-term impacts of these interventions.

Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus Observation in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive disease with high rates of relapse. Whether pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy would be effective in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma after radical surgery is unknown.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive pembrolizumab at a dose of 200 mg every 3 weeks for 1 year or to undergo observation.

Pretransplant cardiac stress testing and transplant wait time in kidney transplantation candidates.

Objective: Routine screening for cardiovascular disease before kidney transplantation remains controversial. This study aims to compare cardiac testing rates in patients with end-stage renal disease, referred and not referred for transplantation, and assess the impact of testing on transplant wait times.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 22 687 end-stage renal disease patients from 2011 to 2022, within an integrated health system.

A Podcast on Platinum Eligibility and Treatment Sequencing in Platinum-Eligible Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

The treatment landscape for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma continues to evolve. Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab has received Food and Drug Administration approval based on recent phase 3 trial data showing superior efficacy compared with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy; however, its distinct toxicity profile may make it less suitable for some patients, and availability in some countries may be limited by cost considerations. Consequently, platinum-based chemotherapy is expected to remain an important first-line treatment option.

The impact of exclusive human milk diet on short-term growth of very preterm infants.

Objectives: The impact of exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) on postnatal growth remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between EHMD and short-term growth.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study aims to compare growth between the EHMD and non-EHMD groups among infants <32 weeks of gestation.

Prophylactic Biosynthetic Retrorectus Mesh Placement During Stoma Reversal Reduces the Rate of Stoma Site Incisional Hernia.

Introduction: Stoma site incisional hernias (SSIHs) are associated with substantial long-term morbidity, and the rate can be as high as 30% to 40%. Recent efforts using prophylactic mesh reinforcement (PMR) to reduce the development of hernias have shown encouraging outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the use of prophylactic biosynthetic mesh at the time of stoma reversal on the overall SSIH rate.

Using Initial Biopsies and Vertical Sections to Improve Trainees' Confidence in Performing Mohs Surgery.

Background: Tissue preservation and tumor clearance are hallmarks of Mohs micrographic surgery, but no standardized method currently exists to guide trainees on how to balance the two.

Objective: The authors provided residents and fellows with additional histologic information to enhance their surgical decision-making without changing the standard methodology of Mohs surgery.

Methods And Materials: Trainees were provided initial biopsy slides (IS) and frozen vertical sections (VS) of the first Mohs layer.

Perceptions and impact of patient reviews: a survey of academic dermatologists.

Background: Patient reviews (PRs) have emerged as a method to assess patient experiences with healthcare in order to improve the quality of care. Both institutional and third-party organizations collect quantitative data and comments from these patient surveys, usually accessible to the public for review. Our study examined dermatologists' perceptions of PRs and assessed their impact on dermatologists.

"MAMA's is like a second mom:" Client and Staff Experiences in a Comprehensive Social Risk Care Management Program Within a Perinatal Medical Home.

Introduction: Addressing persistent racial inequities in preterm birth requires innovative health care approaches. The Los Angeles County Maternity Assessment and Management Access Service Synergy Neighborhood program (MAMA's) is a perinatal medical home program designed to alleviate the impacts of chronic stress by addressing social determinants of health. It reduced odds of preterm birth rates in Black participants, yet it is unclear which program components most contributed to this reduction.

The association between antenatal corticosteroids exposure and postnatal growth in infants born between 23 and 29 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To assess the association between antenatal corticosteroids exposure and postnatal growth in infants born at 23-29 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: This retrospective study used data from the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse. Maternal-infant dyads from 2018 to 2020 were included.

CD70 is Consistently Expressed in Primary and Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: CD70 is commonly overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma and is minimally expressed in normal human tissue, making it a potential therapeutic target for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The expression frequency of CD70 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is not well established.

Materials And Methods: We assessed CD70 immunohistochemistry in 391 primary renal tumors and 72 metastatic renal cell carcinomas on a tissue microarray including 26 sets of paired primary and metastatic tumors.

Mediation of Parental Aggravation in the Association Between ADHD Severity and Electronic Media Use: A National Survey of Children's Health Study.

Objective: To determine whether the association between ADHD severity and electronic media use was mediated by parental aggravation.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) involving children ages of 3 to 17 years with parent-reported ADHD ( = 5,930). Path analyses were used to model the relationships between ADHD severity with parental aggravation (PA) as a mediator, and electronic device (ED) and television (TV) use as outcomes, controlling for covariates.

A Case Report of NMO Transverse Myelitis.

Background: Transverse myelitis is considered one of the cardinal features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the CNS characterized by severe, immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage predominantly targeting optic nerves and spinal cord. We describe a case in which a diagnosis of NMOSD was established, associated with West Nile Virus (WNV) infection.

Case Presentation: A healthy 18-year-old female presented with intractable hiccups and rapidly progressing paraparesis.

Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With a Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Individuals Based on Genetic and Family History.

Introduction: Screening for pancreatic cancer (PC) is suggested for high-risk individuals. Additional risk factors may enhance early detection in this population.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study among patients with germline variants and/or familial pancreatic cancer in an integrated healthcare system between 2003 and 2019.

A comparative study of postnatal anthropometric growth in very preterm infants and intrauterine growth.

Most growth references for very preterm infants were developed using measurements taken at birth, and were thought to represent intrauterine growth. However, it remains unclear whether the goal of approximating an intrauterine growth rate as stated by the American Academy of Pediatrics is attainable by very preterm infants. Using real-world measurement data from very preterm infants born between 2010 through 2020, we develop models to characterize the patterns of postnatal growth, and compare them to intrauterine growth.

When the Unknown Is Unknowable: Confronting Diagnostic Uncertainty.

The neonatology literature often refers to medical uncertainty and specifically the challenges of predicting morbidity for extremely premature infants, who can have widely varying outcomes. Less has been written about situations in which diagnoses are simply unknown or unattainable. This case highlights the importance of communication amidst uncertainty from a lack of knowledge about aspects of a patient's condition.

Health disparities in COVID-19: immune and vascular changes are linked to disease severity and persist in a high-risk population in Riverside County, California.

Background: Health disparities in underserved communities, such as inadequate healthcare access, impact COVID-19 disease outcomes. These disparities are evident in Hispanic populations nationwide, with disproportionately high infection and mortality rates. Furthermore, infected individuals can develop long COVID with sustained impacts on quality of life.

Comparison of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Children Hospitalized for Myocarditis with and Without COVID-19.

We used a nationally representative database of the US, which included 1995 myocarditis cases, among whom 620 children had COVID-19. While the risk of in-hospital mortality was not higher, illness severity and length of hospital stay were higher in patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 than those without COVID-19.