Assessing Glycosylated Hemoglobin Thresholds for Development of Cardiovascular Disease by Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Background: Diabetes is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and although glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are known to vary by race, no racial and ethnic-specific diagnostic thresholds exist for diabetes in prediction of cardiovascular disease events. The purpose of this study is to determine whether HbA1c thresholds for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) differ among racial and ethnic groups.

Methods And Results: This is a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult members (n=309 636) with no history of cardiovascular disease who had HbA1c values and race and ethnicity data available between 2014 and 2019.

Clinical and Imaging Findings in Children with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Disease (MOGAD): From Presentation to Relapse.

Background And Purpose: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of demyelinating disease in children. The purpose of this study is to characterize the CNS imaging manifestations of pediatric MOGAD and identify clinical and imaging variables associated with relapse.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified children with serum antibody-positive MOGAD evaluated at our institution between 1997 and 2020.

Heart health for South Asians: improved cardiovascular risk factors with a culturally tailored health education program.

Background/aim: The Kaiser Permanente (KP) Northern California Heart Health for South Asians (HHSA) Program is a two-hour educational class that provides culturally relevant lifestyle and dietary recommendations to South Asian (SA) patients, in an effort to reduce their known disproportionate burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease. We evaluated the impact of the HHSA Program on CV risk factors and major adverse CV events (MACE).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study identified 1517 participants of SA descent, ≥ 18 years old from 2006 to 2019.

Neuroimaging features of genetic syndromes associated with CNS overgrowth.

Overgrowth syndromes can manifest with enlargement of the brain and other body parts and are associated with malignancy. Much of the current literature focuses on the imaging findings of the somatic overgrowth, while there is relatively little describing the overgrowth of the central nervous system. In this pictorial essay, we discuss common syndromes with central nervous system overgrowth, highlight key imaging features, and review the underlying genetics, including the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway as well as other syndromes from various genes.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Third and Fourth Branchial Apparatus Anomalies: Case Series and Comparison with Lymphatic Malformation.

Background And Purpose: Third and fourth branchial apparatus anomalies are rare congenital anomalies. The purpose of this study was to investigate imaging features of these lesions on fetal MR imaging in comparison with lymphatic malformations, the major competing differential diagnosis in these cases.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of our institutional fetal MR imaging database between 1997 and 2019 resulted in 4 patients with confirmed third and fourth branchial apparatus anomalies and 14 patients with confirmed lymphatic malformations.

Vascular anomaly imaging mimics and differential diagnoses.

Vascular anomalies can be correctly diagnosed in the majority of instances using the combination of clinical history, physical examination and imaging. In certain cases, the clinical work-up may be inconclusive or unavailable to the radiologist, and the imaging findings can be nonspecific, yielding more than one possible diagnosis. In this pictorial essay, we discuss diagnoses that can mimic vascular anomalies and highlight key differentiating imaging features.

Contextual Radiology Reporting: A New Approach to Neuroradiology Structured Templates.

Structured reporting has many advantages over conventional narrative reporting and has been advocated for standard usage by radiologic societies and literature. Traditional structured reports though are often not tailored to the appropriate clinical situation, are generic, and can be overly constraining. Contextual reporting is an alternative method of structured reporting that is specifically related to the disease or examination indication.

Hearing loss in PHACE syndrome: clinical and radiologic findings.

Purpose: To characterize the types of hearing loss, auditory-related imaging findings, and hemangioma characteristics in patients with Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, Cardiac defects, and abnormalities of the Eye (PHACE) syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective medical records, audiologic data, and imaging review of all patients presenting to a tertiary care children's hospital with a proven diagnosis of PHACE syndrome from 2005 to 2016.

Results: Twelve patients were identified with hearing and imaging data.