Lysosomal acid lipase gene single nucleotide polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility.

Background: The factors that predispose to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are not fully understood, However. Gene polymorphisms have been associated with PTB development.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the relationship between LIPA gene polymorphisms and a predisposition to pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Use of Haematological Changes as a Predictor of Dengue Infection among Suspected Cases at Kairuki Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by female Aedes mosquitoes which are commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas. There is a dramatic increase in annual incidence rate of dengue attributed to urbanisation, poor environmental management as well as increased people mobility. Outbreak of dengue have been reported in Tanzania in recent years with Dar es salaam being the most affected region.

Empagliflozin Protects Against Proximal Renal Tubular Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose via Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha.

Background: Evidence from both animal and human studies clearly supports the renal beneficial effects of empagliflozin (emp), a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, but the mechanism in which it exerts its effect is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the capability of emp on reducing hyperglycemia-induced renal proximal tubular epithelial cells injury and we evaluated if the renoprotective effect of emp associates with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Materials And Methods: Human kidney cell lines (HK-2 cells) were incubated in normoxia, high glucose with or without emp treatment for 72 hours to evaluate the induction of HIF-1α, glucose transporter-1, SGLT2, the fibrosis signal pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.