Effect of CD10-positive cells on osteogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of CD10-positive cells within the maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) on osteogenic differentiation of MBMSCs.

Design: CD10 expression in iliac bone marrow-derived MSCs (IBMSCs), MBMSCs, and gingival fibroblasts was measured using flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of 19 MBMSC lines was evaluated, and based on it, they were classified into osteogenic-High and osteogenic-Low groups.

Kaempferia parviflora extract and its component polymethoxyflavones suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the AMPK pathway.

Background: Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker (KP) has been reported to exhibit anti-obesity effects.

Effect of soft denture liners on complete denture treatments: A systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review examined the effectiveness of soft denture relining (SDR) materials.

Study Selection: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI was conducted up to July 26, 2020. Target outcomes were patient satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), masticatory ability (MA), denture functional duration, residual ridge resorption (RRR), and microbial contamination.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder safely and successfully treated with satralizumab during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case report.

Background: Satralizumab, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes interleukin-6 receptors, is known to reduce the relapse rate in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but its safety during pregnancy has not been established. We present the case of an NMOSD patient who safely completed pregnancy, parturition, and breastfeeding under satralizumab treatment. Importantly, satralizumab transfer to umbilical cord blood, infant serum, or breast milk was not observed.

Effects of low-intensity exercise on spontaneously developed knee osteoarthritis in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with aging, which often leads to joint stiffness and disability. Exercise is one of the most important non-pharmacological treatments and is prescribed as an indispensable treatment for OA. However, whether physical exercise is beneficial for preventing the progression of OA symptoms with age is poorly understood.

Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) exhibit a unique property of lower adipogenic potential than other bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs.

Effects of early exercise intervention and exercise cessation on neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8.

Physical exercise is beneficial for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline through several mechanisms, including suppression of neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Despite these exercise-induced benefits in AD pathology, less attention has been paid to the importance of maintaining exercise and the consequences of detraining. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early exercise intervention and detraining on age-related cognitive decline and its protective mechanisms using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).

Peripheral vs. core body temperature as hypocretin/orexin neurons degenerate: Exercise mitigates increased heat loss.

Hypocretins/Orexins (Hcrt/Ox) are hypothalamic neuropeptides implicated in diverse functions, including body temperature regulation through modulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. In the current study, we measured subcutaneous (T) and core (T) body temperature as well as activity in a conditional transgenic mouse strain that allows the inducible ablation of Hcrt/Ox-containing neurons by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from their diet (orexin-DTA mice). Measurements were made during a baseline, when mice were being maintained on food containing DOX, and over 42 days while the mice were fed normal chow which resulted in Hcrt/Ox neuron degeneration.

Effects of different remote ischemia perconditioning methods on cerebral infarct volume and neurological impairment in rats.

Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) is a novel neuroprotective method against cerebral infarction that has shown efficacy in animal studies but has not been consistently neuroprotective in clinical trials. We focused on the temporal regulation of ischemia-reperfusion by RIPerC to establish an optimal method for RIPerC. Rats were assigned to four groups: 10 min ischemia, 5 min reperfusion; 10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; 5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; and no RIPerC.

Hyalocyte origin, structure, and imaging.

Introduction: Hyalocytes have been recognized as resident tissue macrophages of the vitreous body since the mid-19 century. Despite this, knowledge about their origin, turnover, and dynamics is limited.

Areas Covered: Historically, initial studies on the origin of hyalocytes used light and electron microscopy.

Elucidation of adipogenic differentiation regulatory mechanism in human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived stem cells.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the adipogenic differentiation of maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs).

Design: MBMSCs and iliac bone marrow-derived MSCs (IBMSCs) were compared for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Cell surface antigen expression was examined using flow cytometry, and stem cell marker expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharides Are Affected by p38 and Inflammatory Markers and Modulate Their Promoting and Inhibitory Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are cell wall components of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Notably, oral microflora consists of a variety of bacterial species, and osteomyelitis of the jaw caused by dental infection presents with symptoms of bone resorption and osteosclerosis. However, the effects of LTA and LPS on osteogenic differentiation have not yet been clarified.

Analysis of the Effects of Ninjin'yoeito on Physical Frailty in Mice.

Physical frailty is an aging-related clinical syndrome involving decreases in body weight, mobility, activity, and walking speed that occurs in individuals with sarcopenia and is accelerated by increased oxidative stress. Ninjin'yoeito, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, is used for treating conditions, including anemia and physical weakness. Here, we investigated whether ninjin'yoeito could improve physical frailty by controlling oxidative stress in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model.

Outcomes of embolization procedures for type II endoleaks following endovascular abdominal aortic repair.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the mid-term outcomes of embolization procedures for type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic repair, and clarify the risk factors for aneurysm enlargement after embolization procedures.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter registry study enrolling patients who underwent embolization procedures for type II endoleaks after EVAR from January 2012 to December 2018 at 19 Japanese centers. The primary end point was the rate of freedom from aneurysm enlargement, more than 5 mm in the aortic maximum diameter, after an embolization procedure.

Correction to: Dietary obesity and glycemic excursions cause a parallel increase in STEAP4 and pro-inflammatory gene expression in murine PBMCs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00542-1.].

Dietary obesity and glycemic excursions cause a parallel increase in STEAP4 and pro-inflammatory gene expression in murine PBMCs.

Background: The balance between pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors is very crucial in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Although the expression of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) in myeloid cells is known to be atheroprotective, there is not a single study reporting on the status of STEAP4 expression in circulating monocytes in the early stages of diet-induced obesity or in events of glycemic excursions.

Methods: We induced glycemic spikes twice daily for a 1-week duration to rats fed on regular chow and western diet, and analyzed gene expression changes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Application of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the evaluation of Kampo medicine training.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop an objective, content-valid, and reliable assessment method for Kampo medicine using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the assessment of clinical competence in Kampo medicine.

Methods: We developed a blueprint followed by a list of 47 assessment items and three task scenarios related to clinical competence in Kampo medicine. An eight-member test committee checked the relevance of the assessment items on a Likert scale.

Repeated glucose spikes and insulin resistance synergistically deteriorate endothelial function and bardoxolone methyl ameliorates endothelial dysfunction.

Background: Both insulin resistance and postprandial glucose spikes are known for their potential to induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, these factors are inextricable, and therefore, their relative contributions to inducing endothelial dysfunction remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of these factors and clarify whether bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, protects against glucose spike-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Purple sweet potato leaf extracts suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) is known to exhibit various biological effects. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of PSPLE on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unknown.

[Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex/leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-associated limbic encephalitis mimicking dementia with Lewy bodies in a patient with subacute REM sleep behavior disorder].

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to abnormal diurnal behavior, sudden brief episodes of impaired awareness, and loud nocturnal sleep talking. Her symptoms had developed gradually over several months and had been treated as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) at another clinic. Video-polysomnography revealed brief sleep talking and gross movements associated with REM sleep without atonia.

Potential roles of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose in modulating gut microbiome in mice.

The gut microbiota has tremendous potential to affect the host's health, in part by synthesizing vitamins and generating nutrients from food that is otherwise indigestible by the host. 1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) is a monosaccharide with a wide range of bioactive potentials, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. Based on its potential benefits and minimal toxicity, it is anticipated that 1,5-AF will be used as a dietary supplement to support general health.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose Protects against Rotenone-Induced Neuronal Damage In Vitro through Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Mitochondrial functional abnormalities or quantitative decreases are considered to be one of the most plausible pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, mitochondrial complex inhibitors are often used for the development of experimental PD. In this study, we used rotenone to create in vitro cell models of PD, then used these models to investigate the effects of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF), a monosaccharide with protective effects against a range of cytotoxic substances.

Involvement of A5/A7 noradrenergic neurons and B2 serotonergic neurons in nociceptive processing: a fiber photometry study.

In the central nervous system, the A6 noradrenaline (NA) and the B3 serotonin (5-HT) cell groups are well-recognized players in the descending antinociceptive system, while other NA/5-HT cell groups are not well characterized. A5/A7 NA and B2 5-HT cells project to the spinal horn and form descending pathways. We recorded G-CaMP6 green fluorescence signal intensities in the A5/A7 NA and the B2 5-HT cell groups of awake mice in response to acute tail pinch stimuli, acute heat stimuli, and in the context of a non-noxious control test, using fiber photometry with a calcium imaging system.

Preconditioning Exercise in Rats Attenuates Early Brain Injury Resulting from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neuronal Apoptosis.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a catastrophic form of stroke responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are important in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following SAH. Preconditioning exercise confers neuroprotective effects, mitigating EBI; however, the basis for such protection is unknown.