[The effects of the "Tabepo Check Sheet," which lists 10 food groups, on the dietary variety of older adults in a metropolitan area].

Objectives　This study examined the effects of checking the "Tabepo Check Sheet," which has 10 food groups, on changes in dietary variety among older adults living in Japanese metropolitan areas.Methods　We used baseline and two-year follow-up data from a community-wide intervention to prevent frailty in Ota City, Tokyo. A total of 8,635 non-disabled residents (4,145 men and 4,490 women) aged 65-84 years who responded to the self-administered questionnaire surveys in 2016 and 2018, were included in the two analyses.

Gender differences in the relationship between personality, cognitive function and regular dental visits in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: Studies have examined the association between personality and health behaviour, but research focusing exclusively on regular dental visits has yet to be conducted. This study examined the association between personality traits and regular dental visits among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study included 1,057 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-74 years from Ranzan and Yoshimi towns; data were collected from October to November 2015 and October to November 2016, respectively.

The Kesennuma Study in Miyagi, Japan: Study Design and Baseline Profiles of Participants.

Background: To clarify the association between psychosocial problems and frailty in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and to develop strategies for preventive long-term care in the community, we launched the Kesennuma Study in 2019. This report describes the study design and the participants' profiles at baseline.

Methods: The prospective study comprised 9,754 people (4,548 men and 5,206 women) randomly selected from community-dwelling independent adults aged 65 to 84 who were living in Kesennuma City, Miyagi.

Prediction of 11-year incidence of psychophysically dependent status or death among community-dwelling younger elderlies: from an age-specified community-based cohort study (the NISSIN project).

Background: Predicting adverse health events and implementing preventative measures are a necessary challenge. It is important for healthcare planners and policymakers to allocate the limited resource to high-risk persons. Prediction is also important for older individuals, their family members, and clinicians to prepare mentally and financially.

Methods to develop figure rating scales (FRS): A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Figure Rating Scales (FRS) are psychometric instruments developed to measure individual's perception of physical appearance and subsequently, to determine the level of body dissatisfaction. The following systematic review summarizes existing FRSs and the techniques used to development them.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed®, Web of Science®, Scopus® using key words "figure rating scale" AND "Stunkard".

The Intake of Kiwifruits Improve the Potential Antioxidant Capacity in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners Routinely Exposed to Oxidative Stress in Japan.

Oxidation damages cells and muscles, and thus, causes injuries and fatigue, which negatively affect the conditioning of athletes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-antioxidant fruits (kiwifruit) intake on oxidative stress level (d-ROMs) and antioxidant activity (BAP) in male middle- and long-distance runners routinely exposed to oxidative stress. This study was performed from May to July 2017 (Study 1) and October to December 2018 (Study 2).

Compliance with a physical activity guideline among junior high school students.

Background: There were no nationwide moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) data relating to Japanese adolescents. This study assessed compliance with an MVPA guideline by adolescents, using a random sampling survey in Japan. The factors associated with compliance with the guideline were also examined.

Lipoprotein Profiles before Heparin Administration in Patients with or without Coronary Thrombosis Following Atherosclerosis.

The correlation between lipoproteins and arterial thrombosis is not fully elucidated, and no data exist in terms of lipoprotein profiles before heparin administration in patients with coronary arterial thrombosis (CAT). This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the lipoprotein profile before heparin administration in 63 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with CAT. The lipoprotein profile was measured via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis prior to heparin administration for primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI.

Associations between trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors in elderly Japanese men: baseline data from the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study.

Background: Body mass-independent parameters might be more appropriate for assessing cardiometabolic abnormalities than weight-dependent indices in Asians who have relatively high visceral adiposity but low body fat. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio is one such body mass-independent index. However, there are no reports on relationships between DXA-measured regional fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors targeting elderly Asian men.

Total energy expenditure among children with motor, intellectual, visual, and hearing disabilities: a doubly labeled water method.

Objective: Few studies have evaluated the total energy expenditure (TEE) of children with disabilities using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method; however, none have compared it by disability type. Furthermore, no large-scale studies have focused on the severity of motor disability (MD). We aimed to compare TEE in children with disabilities by disability type.

Possibility of Japanese Cedar Pollen Causing False Positives in the Deep Mycosis Test.

Because Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) contains beta-1,3-d-glucan (BG), there is concern that its lingering presence in the atmosphere, especially during its scattering period, may cause false positives in the factor-G-based Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay used to test for deep mycosis (i.e., G-test).

Low Dietary Variety and Diabetes Mellitus Are Associated with Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The association between dietary diversity and frailty remains unknown in older people. We evaluated whether a limited dietary variety is associated with frailty in older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional investigation included 1357 adults (median age: 77 years, women: 61.

Association between Experience of Pet Ownership and Psychological Health among Socially Isolated and Non-Isolated Older Adults.

The psychological health effects of pet ownership have been widely studied, but only a few studies investigated its impact among socially isolated older adults. The present study aims to investigate the psychological health of older adults with or without the experience of pet (i.e.

Relationship between parents' dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan.

Objective: To identify the relationship between preschool children's dietary diversity and parents' care behaviours related to their diet including contents of foods and snacks, mealtime practice and parent-child communication.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children in 2015 by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

[Trajectories of Dietary Variety Score among community-dwelling older Japanese and their related factors].

Aim: To categorize the age-related trajectories of dietary variety score (DVS) in the community-dwelling elderly and to examine the associated factors.

Methods: The study population included 1,195 people who underwent a medical checkup for the elderly in Kusatsu-town, Gunma Prefecture in 2012 to 2017. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with the age-related trajectories of DVS.

Oral frailty and gait performance in community-dwelling older adults: findings from the Takashimadaira study.

Purpose This cross-sectional study compared gait performance between community-dwelling older adults with and without accumulated deficits in oral health, defined as oral frailty.Methods A total of 1,082 individuals (439 men and 643 women; mean age, 77.1 years) from the Takashimadaira study were included in the current analysis.

Review on the Oncology Practice in the Midst of COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenges and Solutions.

As of late 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) -that started in China- has rapidly afflicted all over the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health-care facilities to provide optimal care. In this context, cancer care requires special attention because of its peculiar status by including patients who are commonly immunocompromised and treatments that are often highly toxic.

Characterization of Collagen from Sakhalin Taimen Skin as Useful Biomass.

Research Background: Animal collagen has been widely utilized in foods, cosmetics and biomedical fields. The non-edible portion, such as fish skin and bones, are obtained during cooking. Most of them are currently discarded as wastes, although the nutritional value of the skin and bones is high.

Dietary variety is associated with sleep efficiency in urban-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study.

Background & Aims: Improving sleep quality is important for an aging society. However, no study has been conducted on the association between dietary variety and sleep efficiency among older Japanese adults using longitudinal data. The current study is a longitudinal study that aimed to elucidate the association between dietary variety and sleep efficiency in older Japanese adults.

The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD.

Background: Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL.

Nutrient adequacy of Japanese schoolchildren on days with and without a school lunch by household income.

Background: Evidence for whether the nutrient intakes of Japanese schoolchildren differ according to household income is sparse.

Objective: We investigated the role of school lunches for nutrient adequacy among Japanese primary school children using dietary reference intakes in a cross-sectional survey.

Design: Participants were 10- to 11-year-old (5th grade) children from 19 public primary schools in four prefectures of East Japan, and 836 children were analyzed.

Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly.

Background: It is well known that females generally live longer than males, but women tend to suffer from more illnesses and limitations than men do, also for dementia. However, limited empirical evidence is available why this 'male-female health-survival paradox' is observed. This study aimed to investigate factors which account for gender differences in health, particularly cognitive functioning and decline among older adults.