Nationwide Online Survey to Complement the Current Voluntary Reporting System for Adverse Events Associated with Dietary Supplements: Application to the Case of Skin Manifestations.

The current adverse event reporting system for dietary supplements lacks the ability to collect and analyze ongoing case reports in sufficient numbers to detect health issues. We conducted an online survey to collect data on skin manifestations due to supplement use in consumers and to identify the suspected products and ingredients. An online survey was conducted among 63,737 dietary supplement users in 2016.

The Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use Among Elementary, Junior High, and High School Students: A Nationwide Survey in Japan.

The prevalence of dietary supplement use, such as vitamins, minerals, or fish oil, has increased among children in Japan; however, whether children are using dietary supplements appropriately remains unclear. This study aimed to determine dietary supplement use among children. In August 2017, a nationwide internet preliminary survey of 265,629 mothers aged from 25 to 59 years old was undertaken.

Nationwide Online Survey Method to Estimate Ongoing Adverse Events Caused by Supplement Use: Application to Diarrhea.

The current adverse event reporting systems are inadequate to prevent potential health damage caused by dietary supplement use, and a better case-collecting system is needed. The aim of this study was to examine whether online surveys would be a useful methodology for estimating ongoing adverse events, focusing on diarrhea as a model symptom. We used four online survey companies and requested that they administer the same questionnaire to their registrants regarding experiences of adverse events associated with supplement use and details of diarrhea symptoms, as well as the product and ingredient names of suspected supplements.

Hypothesis: Postprandial remnant lipoproteins are the causal factors that induce the insulin resistance associated with obesity.

We have long thought that remnant lipoproteins (RLP) in plasma are significantly increased as the result of disturbed lipoprotein metabolism followed by obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, it was believed that insulin resistance causes and enhances RLP formation. In contrast, this hypothesis states that RLP induces insulin resistance as the result of obesity associated with the excessive fat intake.

Autonomic Function and QT Interval During Night-Time Sleep in Infant Long QT Syndrome.

Background: Sudden infant death syndrome mainly occurs during night-time sleep. Approximately 10% of cases are thought to involve infants with long QT syndrome (LQTS). Autonomic function and QT interval in night-time sleep in early infancy in LQTS infants, however, remain controversial.

Dietary intake and weight status of urban Thai preadolescents in the context of food environment.

Little attention has been devoted to the importance of understanding the association between dietary intake and childhood obesity in Thailand. This study aimed to explore food types affecting the weight status of preadolescents in urban settings, where obesity is remarkably prevalent. This study was conducted in 2015-2016 and assessed the dietary intake of 263 children aged 10-12 years from Bangkok Metropolitan Regions through three- nonconsecutive-day 24 h recall.

Identification of pyridinoline, a collagen crosslink, as a novel intrinsic ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE).

Unlabelled: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) elicit inflammatory responses via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. An earlier study showed that 3-hydroxypyridinium (3-HP), a common moiety of toxic AGEs such as glyceraldehyde-derived pyridinium (GLAP) and GA-pyridine, is essential for the interaction with RAGE. However, the physiological significance of 3-HP recognition by RAGE remains unclear.

Increase in insulin secretion and decrease in muscle degradation by fat-free milk intake are attenuated by physical exercise.

Background: Protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and exercise have opposing actions on insulin secretion, but the same action on protein anabolism. We examined the effects of BCAA-rich fat-free milk intake and/or exercise on levels of insulin secretion and indices related to muscle protein metabolism in order to assess the potency of dietary and exercise therapies against metabolic and locomotive disorders.

Methods: Eight adult female volunteers participated in all four 24 h experiments; control diet intake with or without exercise, and fat-free milk-containing diet intake with or without exercise.

Anthropometry to assess body fat in Indonesian adults.

Background And Objectives: Anthropometric equations are widely used to estimate body composition however, are only appropriate for use in populations in which they have been developed and validated. The present study developed anthropometric prediction equations for Indonesian adults and cross-validated them with selected equations used in this population.

Methods And Study Design: Six hundred Indonesian adults aged between 18- 65 years (292 males and 308 females) were divided equally into development and validation groups.

[Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Milk intake and Bone acquisition in junior high school and high school students.].

The junior high school and high school years are the periods during which development spurts occur, and bone mass increases including height and weight. The bone mass gain at this time has a big influence on the maximum bone mass, which also leads to prevention of future osteoporosis. Calcium intake is important for bone mass acquisition, but there is a divergence between the value indicated by the meal intake standard and the actual intake amount, and efforts to increase the calcium intake amount are necessary.

[Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Milk and Dairy Products and "Wasyoku" -"New wasyoku"-.].

"Wasyoku;the traditional diets of Japan" refers to foods generally consumed by Japanese people, which is in contrast with the Western diets introduced by Europeans and Americans. The basic Japanese dietary pattern consists of rice as a staple food combined with one soup and two side dishes in a meal, making it easier to achieve a balanced nutritional status. However, salt content tends to be high in "Wasyoku", which negatively affects the overall health of an individual.

[Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Nutritional Value of Milk and Dairy Products.].

Milk has been historically recognized as having great nutritional value;its high nutrient density per energy makes it useful for individuals recovering from malnutrition among others. Milk is composed of an excellent ratio of essential amino acids, with an amino acid score of 100, and enhances the protein content when served with a meal. Additionally, not only is milk rich in calcium, but the absorption rate of calcium contained in the meal increases when milk is served with a meal.

[Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Milk, Daily products and Bone health.Dietary Reference Intakes of Calcium by age group.].

The amount of calcium in the body changes with age. According to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese(2015), the required amount of calcium is calculated by a factor addition method in consideration of the amount of calcium accumulated in the body, the amount excreted in urine, and percutaneous losses. At that time, the calcium absorption rate becomes a very important factor.

Association between dietary fibre:carbohydrate intake ratio and insulin resistance in Japanese adults without type 2 diabetes.

An easily understandable index that measures the quality of carbohydrate may aid people in adopting dietary habits that improve their glucose tolerance. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between a ratio of dietary fibre to carbohydrate intakes (fibre:carbohydrate ratio (F:C-R)) and glucose tolerance cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Subjects were 190 Japanese men and women without type 2 diabetes (mean age 55·4 years) who participated in a 5-month diet and exercise programme.

Postprandial remnant lipoproteins as targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and chylomicron remnants were previously proposed as the most atherogenic lipoproteins for the causal lipoproteins of atherosclerosis. However, there are still controversies on these hypothesizes. Therefore, we have proposed a new hypothesis based on our recent findings of remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) in postprandial plasma.

Correction to: Stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption by orally administrated vitamin D3 compounds: a prospective open-label randomized trial in osteoporosis.

There were two errors in this article. 1. In the section "Ethical considerations", the registration number of the study was incorrectly given as UMIN000024492.

Assessing self-reported green tea and coffee consumption by food frequency questionnaire and food record and their association with polyphenol biomarkers in Japanese women.

Background And Objectives: Despite the demonstrated protective effects of green tea and coffee intake against several chronic diseases, finding between studies have not been consistent. One potential reason of this discrepancy is the imprecision in the measurement of tea or coffee consumption using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and food record (FR) in epidemiological studies.

Methods And Study Design: In a sample of 57 healthy Japanese women, intake of green tea and coffee was estimated by a validated FFQ and a 3-day FR, while their plasma and urine concentrations of polyphenol biomarkers were measured by HPLC.

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxypyridinium derivatives.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formed from glyceraldehyde (Gcer) and glycolaldehyde (Gcol) are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, via interactions with a receptor for AGEs (RAGE). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the RAGE-binding structure in Gcer and Gcol-derived AGEs and identify the minimal moiety recognized by RAGE. Among Gcer and Gcol-derived AGEs, GLAP (glyceraldehyde-derived pyridinium) and GA-pyridine elicited toxicity in PC12 neuronal cells.

[Status and challenges related to creating a healthy food environment: a questionnaire survey for public health dieticians].

Objectives　Creating a healthy food environment is crucial for healthful longevity in Japan. This study aimed to provide an overview of the status and challenges related to creating that environment through prefectural public health centers.Methods　Public health dieticians working at 489 prefectural public health centers in March 2015 individually completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire.

Atherogenic postprandial remnant lipoproteins; VLDL remnants as a causal factor in atherosclerosis.

Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) and chylomicron (CM) remnants have been suggested to be the most atherogenic lipoproteins that initiate and exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis. In this review, we propose a hypothesis of the causal lipoproteins in atherosclerosis based on our recent findings on postprandial remnant lipoproteins (RLP). Plasma RLP-C and RLP-TG increased significantly after food intake, especially a fat load.

Stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption by orally administrated vitamin D3 compounds: a prospective open-label randomized trial in osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: Intestinal fractional calcium absorption (FCA) was assessed before and after vitamin D3 treatment. Serum 1,25(OH)D concentration was significantly increased by plain vitamin D3 and reduced by eldecalcitol. The 1α hydroxyl calcidiol and eldecalcitol treatments increased FCA, which may be induced through direct stimulation of vitamin D receptors in the intestine.

Bisphosphonates prevent age-related weight loss in Japanese postmenopausal women.

Decline of body weight with aging is a major risk factor for frailty, osteoporosis and fracture, suggesting that treatment for osteoporosis may affect body composition. Recently, we have shown that 5-year treatment with raloxifene prevented age-related weight loss, suggesting some other drugs for osteoporosis may also prevent a decrease in body weight with aging. The present study aimed to identify the relationship between bisphosphonate treatment and body composition markers.

Lactic-fermented egg white improves visceral fat obesity in Japanese subjects-double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: It was reported that egg white protein (EWP) reduced body fat in rats. We developed a lactic-fermented egg white (LE) that facilitates the consumption of egg whites by fermenting them with lactobacillus, and were able to study their intake in humans. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled design, we evaluated the effect of LE on visceral fat area (VFA).

Determinants of polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in erythrocytes of pregnant Japanese women from a birth cohort study: study protocol and baseline findings of an adjunct study of the Japan environment & Children's study.

Background: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may have multiple beneficial effects on the outcome of pregnancy, maternal health and child development. The present study introduced the protocol of a birth cohort study to examine the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA status in pregnant Japanese women as an adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

Methods: The JECS participants in the coastal areas of Miyagi Prefecture were further invited to participate in this adjunct study, and 1,878 pregnant women were enrolled prior to delivery.

[Update on recent progress in vitamin D research. Eldecalcitol and intestinal calcium absorption.].

Though various physiological actions have been attributed to vitamin D, its most important function is to promote absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract. While the absorption rate of calcium is generally low, it tends to decline further with age. In addition, calcium intake is decreasing in recent years in Japan.