Primary Umbilical Endometriosis (Villar's Nodule): A Case Report.

Primary umbilical endometriosis is a rare condition in which there is endometrial glands and stroma in the umbilicus. Primary umbilical endometriosis is also called villar's nodule. This condition is a diagnostic challenge, the pathophysiology of the disease is not well defined and should be considered in all other pathologies of the umbilicus.

Supernumerary testis or polyorchidism: A rare urogenital anomaly (case report and literature review).

Introduction And Importance: Polyorchidism, or supernumerary testis, is a rare urogenital congenital disorder. Because of its rarity, there is no approved standard treatment protocol for preserving or removing the extra testicle, yet orchiopexy is frequently performed as a preferred treatment in most medical facilities.

Case Presentation: We present a 23-year-old single male with a bilaterally empty scrotum.

Clinical Report on an Implant-Supported Overdenture in a Parkinson's Patient.

Speaking, chewing, and swallowing difficulties can result from Parkinson's disease (PD), which frequently affects the oro-pharyngeal muscles. The reduction in food and hydration intake that is unavoidable leads to a worsening of neurological symptoms. Patients with Parkinson's disease experience significant challenges when adjusting to wearing entire dentures.

Acute Bowel Obstruction Due to Transmural Migration of Gossypiboma: A Case Report.

gossypiboma is used to describe a retained surgical swab in the body after an operation. It remains an unwanted complication of surgical practice that increase morbidity and mortality of the patient and profound medico legal problems. Intra-abdominal gossypiboma can migrate in to the ileum, stomach, colon or bladder without any apparent opening in the wall of these luminal organs.

Bilateral Iris Coloboma in an 11-Year-Old Child with Low Vision and High Intraocular Pressure: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Coloboma means curtailed in Greek language. It is mainly used when normal tissue of the eye or another organ is not present since birth. Coloboma is a congenital abnormality mainly caused by incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure of the choroid part of eye.

Huge accessory spleen with torsion, mimicking splenic lymphangioma: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: Approximately 30 % of population can have an accessory spleen, which is most often asymptomatic. Only when it becomes large in size, it may elicit symptoms, mostly due to complications, such as torsion, infarction, or traumatic hemorrhage. The preoperative diagnosis of an accessory spleen is often challenging due to its propensity to manifest the neoplasms of adjacent organs.

Double burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan: Secondary analysis of a national survey.

Background: Reports about the magnitude of co-existence of under- and over-nutrition is limited in Afghanistan. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) at individual and household level in Afghanistan.

Methods: This study was done based on the Afghanistan National Nutrition Survey 2013, which included a representative sample of 126,890 individuals (including more than 18,000 households) throughout Afghanistan.

Giant cervical lymphangioma encompassing the neck great vessels (carotid artery and jugular vein): a case report.

Unlabelled: Lymphangiomas are benign congenital defects affecting the lymphatic system. These lesions commonly involve the head and neck, predominantly the posterior cervical triangle. Lymphangiomas cause obstructive symptoms in the upper airway and pose an esthetic concern to the patient.

Childhood mesenteric cyst: A rare intra-abdominal entity with literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Mesenteric cysts are uncommon intra-abdominal benign masses that appear in childhood with varying degrees of clinical manifestations, ranging from being asymptomatic to presenting as an acute abdomen. The diagnosis is made incidentally during the work-up for other abdominal pathologies such as acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, etc. The treatment is mostly surgical and varies depending on the clinical type of the lesion.

A challenging high-risk surgery for necrotizing pneumonia in a right bilobed lung.

Background: Necrotizing pneumonia is rare in children and is one of the most serious complications of a lung infection caused by antibiotic failure. We present a 12-year-old leukopenic child with a long-lasting lung infection, presenting as having a lung hydatid cyst, but diagnosing with necrotizing pneumonia in the right bilobed lung. Failure to medical treatment and ongoing leukopenia justified surgical intervention with positive results.

Primary malignant melanoma of rectum: A rare case report.

Introduction: Malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare event of which 50 % occurs in anorectal region. The lesion can easily be misdiagnosed as rectal-carcinoma, which comprises >90 % of rectal tumors and has a different treatment. The behavior of the anorectal melanoma is very aggressive and has very poor prognosis with fatal outcome.

Congenital megalourethra.

Background: Congenital megalourethra is a urogenital anomaly characterized by a cystic dilatation and elongation of the penile urethra resulting from the absence and hypoplasia of the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum, or anterior urethral valve. There are two clinical types: scaphoid and fusiform. Generally, the etiology is unknown, but it is thought to be a defect in mesodermal development.

Association of Adult Height with Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.

Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between adult height and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have provided conflicting findings. We examined the association between adult height and the risk of CVD mortality.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to September 2021.

Delay in Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Afghanistan: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey.

The present study aimed to investigate the potential delays in healthcare seeking and diagnosis of women with cervical cancer (CC) in Afghanistan. Clinical records of three hospitals in Kabul were searched for CC cases, and the women identified were interviewed by a trained physician using a semi-structured questionnaire. The main outcomes were the prevalence of potential delays over 90 days (1) from symptoms onset to healthcare seeking (patient delay), and (2) from first healthcare visit to CC diagnosis (healthcare delay).

Esophageal Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-control Study in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals of Kabul, Afghanistan.

Purpose: Esophageal cancer (EC) is the most common cancer among males in Afghanistan, thus we aimed to conduct a case-control study to determine the associated risk factors with EC in two tertiary care hospitals of Kabul, Afghanistan.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 132 EC cases and 132 controls and used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with consideration of 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The results of our study revealed that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was the predominant type of EC constituting 75.

The association of religion with maternal and child health outcomes in South Asian countries.

Objective: Theological beliefs play an important role in cultural norms and could impact women's prenatal and postpartum decisions in South Asia, which has a high burden of disease in children and pregnant women. The aim of this study is to identify any associations religion may have in affecting a woman's decision-making ability, and how that in turn affects maternal and child health, at a group level in multiple South Asian countries.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data analysis.

Childhood esophageal achalasia: Case report from Afghanistan with literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Esophageal achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus with unknown etiology characterized by the failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Diagnosis is made by barium esophagography, endoscopy, and esophageal manometery. Heller Esophagomyotomy along with Dor's fundoplication is the treatment of choice.

Bilateral Corneal Melting in a Pediatric Patient with Severe Vitamin A Deficiency: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Keratomalacia refers to an ocular destructive dryness of the cornea that results from severe vitamin A deficiency. It is an ocular condition, usually affecting both eyes. It affects infants, children and women of reproductive age.

Combined lesion of central giant cell granuloma and ossifying fibroma: A case report of a rare event in oral cavity.

Introduction And Importance: Giant cell granulomas (GCG) and ossifying fibroma (OF) of the jaw are benign reactive lesions. GCG characterized by the presence of abundant multinucleated giant cells in a cellular stroma. On the other hand, the characteristic feature of OF is benign connective tissue replaces the normal bone.

Misdiagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome, a case report from Afghanistan.

Introduction: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hepatic venous flow obstruction. The obstruction may be thrombotic or non-thrombotic anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to the inferior vena cava (IVC) junction to the right atrium. In clinical practice, cases can be misdiagnosed, particularly in regions where resources are limited, unless the clinician pays special attention to such diagnosis.

Bilateral open lip schizencephaly.

Schizencephaly is a central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorder characterized by abnormal cleft extending from the lateral ventricles to the cerebral cortex. Clinically, it occurs as -mantle, closed lip and open lip types which may be unilateral or bilateral. The exact cause of schizencephaly is not known but genetic disorders, exposure to teratogens, viral infections and maternal age are implicated.

Choledochal cyst: A challenging diagnostic and therapeutic entity in low-resource settings.

Background: Choledochal cyst is an uncommon congenital biliary tract abnormality of unknown etiology. Its classical symptoms are jaundice, abdominal pain, and right upper quadrant mass. However, the disease may present with a vague and non-specific chronic abdominal discomfort.

Effectiveness of Different Modalities of Lip Repositioning Surgery for Management of Patients Complaining of Excessive Gingival Display: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This study is aimed at synthesizing the available evidence regarding effectiveness of various modalities (combinations of LRS tasks) and comparison between each two modalities in terms of gingival display reduction, success rate, stability of the results, patient's satisfaction, and postoperative morbidity.

Materials And Methods: The electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform were searched up to 27th June 2020 regarding lip repositioning surgery.