Enhancing medical training in conflict zones and remote areas through innovation: introducing the Canadian Virtual Medical University Initiative.

Background: The WHO projects a global shortage of 4.3 million physicians by 2030, with the largest deficits in developing and conflict-affected regions. Our aim is to train competent physicians rapidly and affordably through remote education programs.

Development of a delayed chronic subdural haematoma 3 years after traumatic brain injury with urinary incontinence: a case report.

Introduction: The authors present a case of a delayed chronic subdural haematoma, a rare occurrence that manifested 3 years after a traumatic brain injury, accompanied by an unexpected symptom of urinary incontinence. Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is a well-known condition characterised by the accumulation of old, liquefied blood under the dura mater, usually following minor head trauma. However, the atypical presentation of CSDH in a young patient without predisposing factors and the association with urinary incontinence challenge conventional understanding.

Noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers, genomic profiling, and advanced microscopic imaging in the early detection and characterization of infections leading to primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

This review delves into the strategies for early detection and characterization of infections leading to primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The study provides an in-depth analysis of current diagnostic approaches, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, brain tissue examination, immunostaining techniques, and culture methods, elucidating their strengths and limitations. It explores the geographical distribution of , with a focus on regions near the equator, and environmental factors contributing to its prevalence.

Japanese encephlu emergence in Australia: the potential population at risk.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an RNA virus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, primarily cycles between aquatic birds and mosquitoes with pigs as amplifying hosts, posing a significant global encephalitis threat. The emergence and spread of the JEV in new epidemiological regions, such as recent cases in Australia and nonendemic areas like Pune, India, raise significant concerns. With an estimated 68 000 clinical cases and 13 600 to 20 400 deaths annually, JEV poses a substantial global health threat.

Neurological complications of influenza vaccination: navigating the spectrum with a focus on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Introduction: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. This systematic review aims to investigate the potential association between ADEM and influenza vaccination by analyzing relevant case reports. ADEM is traditionally thought to be a monophasic condition, predominantly affecting children, often following viral illnesses or immunizations.

Intracranial intricacies: Comprehensive analysis of rare skull base meningiomas-A single-center case series.

Unlabelled: This study paper's main goal is to report rare cases of skull base meningiomas that exemplify the complexities of diagnosis, therapy, and postoperative care. By describing these rare cases, we hope to advance knowledge of the clinical signs, difficulties, and prognoses of skull base meningiomas in a challenging anatomical setting. In the posterior cranial fossa, our investigation reveals a unique example of skull base meningioma that involved numerous cranial nerves and complex vasculature.

Advancements in the treatment of geographic atrophy: focus on pegcetacoplan in age-related macular degeneration.

Geographic atrophy (GA) is a progressive form of age-related macular degeneration characterized by the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor death. The dysregulation of the complement cascade has been implicated in GA progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration and GA, discusses current therapeutic options, and focuses on the recent breakthrough drug, pegcetacoplan (SYFOVRE).

A rare case of mandibular third molar displaced into submandibular space: A complication of mandibular third molar extraction.

Key Clinical Message: Accidental displacement of mandibular third molars or their roots into neighboring anatomical spaces, notably the submandibular region, during extraction, is a rare but significant complication. Comprehensive preoperative assessment, meticulous surgical techniques, and precise radiographic imaging play pivotal roles in successful management. Adhering to established protocols is imperative to mitigate potential complications and ensure optimal outcomes.

Infectious diseases following hydrometeorological disasters: current scenario, prevention, and control measures.

Natural disasters are catastrophic occurrences that can seriously harm infrastructure, inflict property damage, and even result in fatalities. Water supply and sanitation systems can be disrupted in flooded areas, raising the risk of infectious diseases. It is advised that public health responders do a disease risk assessment of such a catastrophic event to ascertain the disaster's consequences and the health requirements.

Asian Best Practices for Care of Diabetes in Elderly (ABCDE).

The elderly population with diabetes is diverse with the majority experiencing a decline in physical and mental capabilities, impacting the entire diabetes management process. Therefore, a need for geriatric-specific guidelines, especially for the Asian population, was identified and subsequently developed by an expert panel across government and private institutions from several Asian countries. The panel considered clinical evidence (landmark trials, position papers, expert opinions), recommendations from several important societies along with their decades of clinical experience and expertise, while meticulously devising thorough geriatric-specific tailored management strategies.

COVID-19-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura; Immunopathogenesis and clinical implications.

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people around the world have been affected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to the typical symptoms, thrombotic events, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is one of the thrombotic events that occur in some COVID-19 patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (USG) in maxillofacial fractures.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was performed in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source) from inception to September 12, 2020. Studies that reported or from which sensitivity and specificity can be calculated and studies published in the English language were included.

Ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts after minor trauma in adolescent boys presenting with subdural hygroma: two case reports.

Background: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are common, cerebrospinal fluid-filled, innocent lesions that are usually detected incidentally on brain imaging. They may rupture and complicate due to subdural hematoma or hygroma after minor trauma. Authors present two cases of ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in adolescent (12-year-old and 15-year-old) Afghan boys presenting with subdural hygroma after minor trauma.

Evisceration of small bowel through spontaneous perforation of rectum: Case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Small bowel evisceration through spontaneous perforation of the rectum is an extremely rare condition in which the small bowel herniates mostly through a defect in the anterior rectal wall.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 25-year-old otherwise healthy lady who denied any history of rectal prolapse or trauma.

Discussion: Small bowel evisceration through rectum is a rare surgical emergency with a mortality rate as high as 42.

Protective effect of Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against malaria.

X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. The severe Mediterranean variant (G6PD Med) found across Europe and Asia is thought to confer protection against malaria, but its effect is unclear. We fitted a Bayesian statistical model to observed G6PD Med allele frequencies in 999 Pashtun patients presenting with acute malaria and 1408 population controls.

Vitamin D for Growth and Rickets in Stunted Children: A Randomized Trial.

Background And Objectives: Vitamin D is essential for healthy development of bones, but little is known about the effects of supplementation in young stunted children. Our objective was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of rickets and linear growth among Afghan children.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 3046 children ages 1 to 11 months from inner-city Kabul were randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D (100 000 IU) or placebo every 3 months for 18 months.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Afghanistan: A retrospective single center study.

Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a particular regional concern because of endemicity in Afghanistan and many neighboring countries. The prevalence of CCHF has been increasing in this region. These concerns are compounded because there is no vaccine or therapeutic for CCHF and Afghanistan lacks adequate public health infrastructure in preventing, detecting, and containing cases.

Prevalence, related factors and maternal outcomes of primary postpartum haemorrhage in governmental hospitals in Kabul-Afghanistan.

Background: To determine the prevalence, related factors and maternal outcomes of primary PPH in governmental hospitals in Kabul Afghanistan.

Methods: An observational study was designed to determine the prevalence, related factors and maternal outcomes of primary PPH in governmental hospitals in Kabul-Afghanistan. The population of this study consisted of all women who gave birth to a child between August and October 2018.

Prevalence of cancers diagnosed in Jamhuriyat Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Backgrounds: Throughout the world, there exists a clear need for the maintenance of cancer statistics, forming an essential part of any rational programme of cancer control, health-care planning, etiological research, primary and secondary prevention, benefiting both individuals and society. The present work reports only on the prevalence of cancers in the Oncology Department of Jamhuriyat Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan following several decades of war.

Materials And Methods: A quantitative retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the medical records of patients diagnosed and treated from October 2015 to December 2017.

Salivary MMP-9 as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To compare the salivary MMP - 9 concentration among subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), tobacco users, and control groups.

Materials And Methods: A total of 88 subjects were enrolled and divided into four study groups viz., OSCC (n=24), OPMD (n=20), tobacco habits (n=22), and healthy controls (n=22).