Interlinking the Cross Talk on Branched Chain Amino Acids, Water Soluble Vitamins and Adipokines in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Etiology.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an etiologically diverse metabolic dysfunction that, if untreated, leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Understanding the etiology of T2DM is critical, as it represents one of the most formidable medical challenges of the twenty-first century. Traditionally, insulin resistance has been recognized as the primary risk factor and a well-known consequence of type 2 diabetes.

A study on bisphenol induce renal damage and role of vitamin c as an antioxidant on bisphenol induced renal damage in wistar rats. A case control study.

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered one of the most common industrial manufactured chemicals and a pollutant. oxidative stress has been induced by bisphenol by dysregulate the cytokines. Oxidative stress induced by BPA is known to affect the brain, liver, and kidneys.

Ocular effects of eye cosmetic formulations.

Objective: To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done.

Digital Survey Assessment of Individual and Occupational Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Ophthalmologists.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) and the associated occupational risk factors among Indian ophthalmologists, including residents and fellows.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among ophthalmologists in India using a semi-structured questionnaire in a web-based survey. The questionnaire was prepared in English after extensive literature research and consulting with subject experts.

A study on knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ophthalmic emergencies among fresh medical graduates in India.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and estimate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Indian fresh medical graduates with respect to ophthalmic emergencies.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 participants who had completed compulsory rotatory residential internship with the help of a questionnaire distributed through social platforms. The Chi-square and Pearson's coefficient relation tests were used.

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Heart Cell Regeneration Post-myocardial Infarction: A Propitious Therapeutic Approach.

Globally, one of the primary factors leading to death is cardiovascular disorders, specifically coronary artery disease, which leads to myocardial infarction (MI). This article investigates the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for regenerating cardiac cells following MI. We look into the pathophysiology of MI, current treatment methods, and the heart's limited ability to heal itself.

Cough Sounds in Screening and Diagnostics: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine applications of cough sounds towards screening tools and diagnostics in the biomedical and engineering literature, with particular focus on disease types, acoustic data collection protocols, data processing and analytics, accuracy, and limitations.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, IEEE Xplore, Engineering Village, and ACM Digital Library were searched from inception to August 2021.

Review Methods: A scoping review was conducted on screening and diagnostic uses of cough sounds in adults, children, and animals, in English peer-reviewed and gray literature of any design.

Sighting Dominance, Biometric Parameters, and Refractive Status Analyzing the Role of Ocular Dominance.

Objectives: The purpose was to study the association between ocular dominance, refractive status, and biometric parameters.

Methods: Ocular dominance was assessed on consenting participants with non-pathological eyes using "hole-in-the-card test." The participants were then examined for visual acuity, biometric measurements, and refraction.

Estimation of Normal Semi-circular Canal Dimensions on Computed Tomography.

Aims: To measure and compare length, width and luminal diameters of semi-circular canals (SCC) on Multiplanar reformatted CT images in individuals without any features of vestibular dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, cross sectional, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in October - November 2021. Multiplanar reformatted CT temporal bone images of 50 participants without features of vestibular dysfunction were used to measure the curved lengths, widths and luminal diameters of the three semi-circular canals.

Study of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compare the changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in nondiabetics and diabetics with various stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: The study subjects were divided into four groups based on their diabetic status and findings, namely, controls (normal subjects without diabetes [NDM]), diabetics without retinopathy (NDR), nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Peripapillary RNFL thickness was assessed using optical coherence tomography.

Quantitative Analysis of Tear Film in Patients on Atypical Antipsychotics.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the prevalence and severity of dry eye disease (DED) among patients on atypical antipsychotics with controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who were on atypical antipsychotic therapy (study group) and matched controls (control group). Prevalence of DED was assessed using tear break up time.

A study on the perception, knowledge, attitude, and practices of eye donation among fresh medical graduates in India.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the perception, knowledge, attitude, and practices of eye donation among fresh medical graduates in India.

Materials And Methods: Responses to a semi-structured questionnaire were collected from 410 respondents using an online Google Form which were analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 21.

Results: First information source about eye donation was textbooks (31%), while ophthalmologists accounted for 10.

Comparison of smartphone application-based visual acuity with traditional visual acuity chart for use in tele-ophthalmology.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the visual acuity (VA) by smartphone-based applications - EyeChart and the Peek Acuity to the standard Snellen chart to explore the possibility of using them as an alternative in tele-ophthalmology in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: An analytical type of observational study was done on 360 eyes of 184 patients above 18 years of age. Patients with VA <6/60 and gross ocular pathology were excluded from the study.

Evaluation of post-COVID health status using the EuroQol-5D-5L scale.

SARS-CoV-2 has had a lasting effect on the overall health of recovered patients, called 'long COVID'. Currently, there is a lack of a validated standard questionnaire to assess post-COVID health status. A retrospective observational study involving the recovered COVID patients admitted to a secondary care hospital in India between June to December 2020 (n = 123), was conducted using the EuroQol-5D-5L scale at discharge, 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-discharge.

Effect of DOTS Treatment on Vitamin D Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Introduction: Vitamin D (Vit D) modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. Vit D Deficiency (VDD) is been implicated as a cause in diabetes, immune dysfunction and Tuberculosis (TB). Impaired metabolism of Vit D and an adverse outcome is associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB).

Comparison of the severity of lower extremity arterial disease in smokers and patients with diabetes using a novel duplex Doppler scoring system.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic feasibility of a novel scoring system of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in smokers and patients with diabetes depending on duplex Doppler sonographic features.

Methods: Patients presenting with the symptomatology of PAD were divided into three groups: diabetes only, smoking only, and smokers with diabetes. The patients were clinically examined, a clinical severity score was obtained, and the subjects were categorized into the three extrapolated categories of mild, moderate, and severe.

Intraoperative hemodynamics with vecuronium bromide and rocuronium for maintenance under general anesthesia.

Aims: The present study is undertaken to compare the hemodynamic effects using vecuronium versus rocuronium for maintenance in patients undergoing general surgical procedures.

Settings And Design: It is a prospective, randomized, and cohort study.

Subjects And Methods: 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups.

A comparative study of intrathecal clonidine and dexmedetomidine on characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block for lower limb surgeries.

Introduction: Intrathecal clonidine or dexmedetomidine has improved the quality of spinal anesthesia, this clinical study was undertaken to assess the behavior of intrathecal clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in augmenting sensory block in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries.

Materials And Methods: We studied 150 patients, between 18 and 60 years of age, patients were randomly divided into three groups of 50 each Group B: 0.5% bupivacaine 15 mg + 0.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Palonosetron with Dexamethasone vs. Ondansetron with Dexamethasone in Laparoscopic Hysterectomies.

Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common complication seen following laparoscopic surgery. Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the newer drug palonosetron with that of ondansetron, in combination with dexamethasone, for PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies. .

Pigmented Basal cell carcinoma: a clinical variant, report of two cases.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of skin, comprising 80% of non-melanoma cancers. Intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation is an important risk factor. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma is a clinical and histological variant of basal cell carcinoma that exhibits increased pigmentation.

A comparative study of hemodynamic changes between prone and supine emergence from anesthesia in lumbar disc surgery.

Background: Supine emergence from anesthesia in patients undergoing lumbar surgery in prone position leads to tachycardia, hypertension, coughing, laryngospasm and loss of monitoring as the patients are rolled back to supine position at the end of surgery. The prone extubation might facilitate a smoother emergence because the patients are not disturbed during emergence and secretions are drained away from patient's airway.

Materials And Methods: The patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups of 30 each at conclusion of surgery.

A patient with situs inversus totalis presenting for emergency laparoscopic appendectomy: Consideration for safe anesthetic management.

Situs inversus totalis is an uncommon congenital positional anomaly in which orientation of all asymmetric organs in the body are mirror image of normal morphology. The condition if undetected may pose a diagnostic problem of abdominal pathology. We present a case of situs inversus totalis with acute appendicitis in adult female who was previously unaware of her situs anomaly.

Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine as an additive to local anesthetics in peribulbar block for cataract surgery.

Background And Objectives: We evaluated the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to lidocaine and bupivacaine for peribulbar block in two different doses. The primary endpoints were the onset and duration of corneal anesthesia, globe akinesia, and duration of analgesia.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective cataract surgery under peribulbar anesthesia.