Estimation of Pyruvic acid in serum and saliva among healthy and potentially malignant disorder subjects - a stepping stone for cancer screening?

Background: According to Warburg's effect, the rate of glycolysis increases in cancerous cells. This will increase overall levels of pyruvic acid. The present on-going study was conducted to estimate the levels of pyruvic acid in saliva and serum in normal, oral PMD subjects.

Improving Oral Hygiene in Institutionalised Elderly by Educating Their Caretakers in Bangalore City, India: a Randomised Control Trial.

Background: The population of older people, as well as the number of dependent older people, is steadily increasing; those unable to live independently at home are being cared for in a range of settings. Practical training for nurses and auxiliary care staff has frequently been recommended as a way of improving oral health care for functionally dependent elderly. The aim was improve oral hygiene in institutionalized elderly in Bangalore city by educating their caregivers.

A Comparative Study of Three Types of Rapid Maxillary Expansion Devices in Surgically Assisted Maxillary Expansion: A Finite Element Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the displacement pattern and stress distribution during surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with three different types of RME devices by constructing a finite element model.

Materials And Methods: A finite element model is constructed from the computerized tomography scans. According to the type of RME device, 3 groups were simulated on this mesh model.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene: A risk factor of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate.

Background: The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway is crucial in a number of developmental processes and is critical in the formation of variety of craniofacial elements including cranial neural crest, facial primordium, tooth, lip and palate. It is an important mediator in regulation of lip and palate fusion, cartilage and bone formation.

Aim: To study the role of mutation of BMP4 genes in the aetiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL ± P) and identify it directly from human analyses.

Effect of copper-based fungicide (bordeaux mixture) spray on the total copper content of areca nut: Implications in increasing prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Potentially malignant disorders like oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) often precede oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rate of transformation of OSMF to OSCC ranges from 3 to 19%. OSMF is etiologically related to chewing of areca nut (betel nut), and the high copper content in areca nut plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disorder.

Interforaminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview.

Implant surgery in mandibular anterior region may turn from an easy minor surgery into a complicated one for the surgeon, due to inadequate knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical area and/or ignorance toward the required surgical protocol. Hence, the purpose of this article is to present an overview on the: (a) Incidence of massive bleeding and its consequences after implant placement in mandibular anterior region. (b) Its etiology, the precautionary measures to be taken to avoid such an incidence in clinical practice and management of such a hemorrhage if at all happens.

Incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk.

Susuk, or charm needles, are small, metallic needles inserted under the skin, considered to enhance beauty, health and luck. This hidden secret of inserting susuk is a traditional superstitious ritual, widely practiced among women of Southeast Asia. Here, we present an interesting case of incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk, which was exposed on a panoramic radiograph taken on a routine basis as a part of diagnostic work up at our centre.

Establishing Cephalometric Norms using Sagittal and Vertical Occlusal Cephalometric Analysis of Pancherz for Dakshina Kannada Children.

Background: The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the sagittal occlusal (SO) and vertical occlusal (VO) cephalometric analyses of Pancherz for Dakshina Kannada children and to analyze and compare the difference between boys and girls of same age group (10-14 years).

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and sixty-three (132 boys and 131 girls) children of Dakshina Kannada were included in this study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of children belonging to the age group of 10-14 years were taken.

A Simple Technique to Fabricate a Facial Moulage with a Prefabricated Acrylic Stock Tray: A Clinical Innovation.

An accurate facial moulage helps in understanding the orientation and proper position of the facial prosthesis relative to other facial landmarks even in the absence of the patient. To make impression for fabricating facial moulage previously described techniques in literature made use of elastomeric impression material, alginate, and dental plaster directly over the patient's face to obtain the moulage which have their own disadvantages. Taking these into consideration a novel clinical technique is described herein to fabricate an acrylic stock tray for making accurate impression and to support the impression material while setting and pouring.

Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India - a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background/introduction: For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.

Objective: To assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India.

Antimicrobial effects of citrus sinensis peel extracts against periodontopathic bacteria: an in vitro study.

Background: Use of plant extracts and phytochemicals with known antimicrobial properties may have great significance in therapeutic treatments.

Objective: To assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for periodontal pathogens.

Materials And Methods: Aqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, using agar well diffusion method.

A rare case of mucopolysaccharidosis: hunter syndrome.

Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is a member of a group of inherited metabolic disorders together termed mucopolysaccharidosis (MPSs). It is a rare, X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. The prevalence of this syndrome is 1:100,000 births.

Oral manifestations in transplant patients.

Organ transplantation is a widely undertaken procedure and has become an important alternative for the treatment of different end-stage organ diseases that previously had a poor prognosis. The field of organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant is developing rapidly. The increase in the number of transplant recipients also has an impact on oral and dental services.

Intraosseous schwannoma of the maxilla mimicking a periapical lesion: a diagnostic challenge.

Schwannomas are a type of nerve sheath tumours predominant in the soft tissues of the head and neck. They commonly present as slow growing, painful swellings and may rarely be accompanied by paresthesia. Less than 1% of schwannomas are intraosseous with affliction to the mandible over maxilla.

Oral rinse-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology: a comparative study.

Context: Simple screening test for resource-challenged areas.

Aims: To compare specimen adequacy and diagnostic agreement between oral rinse-based smears and conventional smears in oral cancer, oral leukoplakia, and normal controls.

Settings And Design: Twenty-five histologically confirmed cases of oral cancer, 29 clinically diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia, and 54 normal controls were subjected to the oral rub-and-rinse technique and the conventional exfoliative cytology.

Patient receptivity to tobacco cessation counseling and services in a dental teaching institute: a patient review.

Background: The dentists are in a unique position to render tobacco cessation counseling to their patients. The current study is set to assess the attitudes of tobacco users toward tobacco cessation counseling attending a dental teaching institute and hospital in Andhra Pradesh.

Materials And Methods: A systematic random sampling method was used to select the sample.

Anthropometry and Prevalence of Common Health Problems among School Going Children in Surathkal, Karnataka.

Aims: To measure the anthropometric data of school children and to compare with the CDC and Agarwal centile Growth charts. The prevalence of thinness, stunting, overweight and obesity were estimated. Children were also screened for hypertension, refractory errors, dental problems, skin disease and other abnormalities.

Oral Health Literacy and Oral Health Status among Adults Attending Dental College Hospital in India.

Background: Low health literacy is one among many reasons why preventable diseases remain so common and why people often do not adopt healthy practices. It is important to detect patients with inadequate oral health literacy (OHL) and to improve the level of communication between the provider and the patient. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between OHL with selected socio-demographic variables and oral health status among adults in Virajpet, Karnataka, India.

Comparative evaluation of oxygen saturation during periodontal surgery with or without oral conscious sedation in anxious patients.

Context: Stress and anxiety during dental procedure can alter respiratory rate and thereby alter oxygen saturation in the blood, leading to emergencies like syncope. It can be prevented by preoperative intravenous sedation. However, it can lead to respiratory depression.

Tobacco Usage and Attitude towards Tobacco Cessation among Prisoners in India - A Cross Sectional Survey.

Background: Tobacco is a highly addictive substance. Tobacco usage is considered one of the main causes responsible for the death of adults worldwide, with 4.9 million deaths occurring worldwide each year.

A rare incident of Paget's disease of bone in early adult life.

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by a focal alteration of bone remodeling, which leads to bone with anomalous structure and altered mechanical properties associated with pain and complications. It is more common in Western Europe where as rare in Africa and Asia. The disease is more common in men of older adults and mean age of occurrence is 59 ± 14 years.

Total Salivary Anti-oxidant Levels, Dental Development and Oral Health Status in Childhood Obesity.

Background: The objectives of this study were to assess the total antioxidant levels, dental development, and oral health status in childhood obesity.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 children aged 6-12 years consisting of both genders from different school along Coastal Karnataka, India were part of the study and were categorized into obese/overweight, and normal children based on body mass index for age and sex. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels determined by phosphomolybidic acid and spectrophotometric method were considered.

Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study.

Background: Glycyrrhiza (licorice) an herb, which has medicinal value and was used in ancient times as a remedy for a great diversity of ailments and sweetener. Roots of Glycyrrhiza contain a high concentration of saponin and glycyrrhizin, which are supposed to be sweetening agents. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic licorice root extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX).

Lip repositioning: An alternative cosmetic treatment for gummy smile.

Excessive gingival display, commonly referred to as 'gummy smile' is a major hurdle in overall personality of an individual. Gummy smile, secondary to altered passive eruption and tooth mal-positioning, can be predictably treated with Surgery and orthodontic therapy. In patients with jaw deformities, orthognathic surgery can be performed.