How Templatic Is Arabic Input to Children? The Role of Child-Directed-Speech in the Acquisition of Semitic Morpho-Phonology.

Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic are known for having a non-concatenative morphology: words are typically built of a combination of a consonantal root, typically tri-consonantal (e.g., k-t-b "related to writing" in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)), with a prosodic template.

Accuracy of privacy preserving record linkage for real world data in the United States: a systemic review.

Objectives: Examine the accuracy of privacy preserving record linkage (PPRL) matches in real world data (RWD).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify articles evaluating PPRL methods from January 1, 2013 to June 15, 2023. Eligible studies included original research reporting quantitative metrics such as precision and recall in health-related data sources.

Surgical outcomes of parathyroidectomy for pre-kidney transplantation versus post-kidney transplantation patients.

Background: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is common in end-stage kidney disease and resolves in less than half of kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The ideal timing of parathyroidectomy (PTX), before or after KT, remains unclear. We sought to understand differences in morbidity and mortality after PTX pre-KT and post-KT.

Carbonation under Varying Humidity Conditions: A 3D Micro-Scale Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach.

This paper investigates the impact of varying humidity conditions on the carbonation depth in hardened cement paste using a 3-dimensional microscale kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) approach. The kMC algorithm effectively simulates the carbonation process by capturing the interplay between CO diffusion and relative humidity at the microscale, providing insights into macro trends that align with historical models. The study reveals that the maximum carbonation depth is achieved at relative humidity levels between 55 and 65%, where the balance between water and CO diffusion is optimized.

Successful application of microspore culture by adding kinetin and methylene blue to improve microspore embryogenesis in Chinese kale breeding.

Microspore culture is an efficient and rapid method that produces doubled haploid (DH) lines for hybrid breeding in crops and vegetables. However, the low frequency of microspore embryogenesis and spontaneous diploidization in Chinese kale still require improvement. In the present work, an efficient microspore culture protocol was constructed and used for DH producing in Chinese kale breeding.

Peritoneal dialysis in patients with severe obesity: A successful single center experience.

There is growing emphasis on increasing utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD); however, use in patients with severe obesity has still been fraught for various reasons. We aim to assess the viability of PD in patients with severe obesity (BMI > 40 Kg/m). We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted at the home dialysis center of an academic center between 2014 and 2020 (n = 99).

Predictive value of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 and Klotho on protein-energy wasting in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Background: As a state of metabolic and nutritional derangements, protein-energy wasting (PEW) is highly prevalent and associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and Klotho have been proven to contribute to chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Previous evidence suggested that FGF-23 and Klotho may also contribute to the malnutritional status among these patients; however, the inter-relationship between the FGF-23-Klotho axis and PEW remains unclear.

The role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing and managing post-kidney transplantation infections.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, but post-transplant infections remain one of the most significant challenges. These infections, caused by a variety of pathogens, can lead to prolonged hospitalization, graft dysfunction, and even mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Traditional diagnostic methods often fail to identify the causative organisms in a timely manner, leading to delays in treatment and poorer patient outcomes.

Robust circulating microRNA signature for the diagnosis and early detection of pancreatobiliary cancer.

Background: A new circulating biomarker superior to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is needed for diagnosing pancreatobiliary cancer (PBca). The aim of this study was to identify serum microRNA (miRNA) signatures comprising reproducible and disease-related miRNAs.

Methods: This multicenter study involved patients with treatment-naïve PBca and healthy participants.

Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER/HER2 breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER/HER2) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER/HER2 grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1-2 or T3-4, cN0-2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W.

Renal anemia and hyporesponsiveness to ESA for preservation of residual kidney function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Preservation of residual kidney function (RKF) is important in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to examine the association between anemia management and residual urine output using data from a nationwide survey of dialysis patients. After excluding patients with anuria at baseline from the Total cohort of 2,712, 659 of 1,640 patients developed anuria during a median follow-up of 2.

Optical genome mapping to decipher the chromosomal aberrations in families seeking for preconception genetic counseling.

Optical genome mapping (OGM) offers high consistency in simultaneously detecting structural and copy number variants. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and potential applications of OGM in preconception genetic counseling. Herein, 74 samples from 37 families were included, and their results of OGM were compared to conventional methods, namely karyotyping (KT) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), which identified 27 variants across 16 positive families.

Pediatric Age-Prioritized Waitlisting Policy Potentially Disadvantages Adolescents on Dialysis Not Listed for Transplant Until Adulthood.

Background: Current kidney transplant (KT) policies offer advantages in waiting time and organ allocation priority to pediatric patients waitlisted before 18 years old. This study evaluates the effects of this policy for patients who are on dialysis before, but not waitlisted until after, age 18.

Methods: Patients aged 11-25 years and waitlisted between 2001 and 2022 for KT were identified in the OPTN STAR data file for analysis.

Impact of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity in neuroendocrine tumors.

Introduction: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) converts L-tryptophan (T) to L-kynurenine (K) resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Aim of the current study is to evaluate in patients with neuroendocrine tumor (NET): 1) T and K concentrations; 2) correlation with clinical outcome; 3) relationship between IDO activity and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the IDO pathway in patients in follow-up for NET.

Optimal Predilatation Treatment Before Implantation of a Magmaris Bioresorbable Scaffold in Coronary Artery Stenosis: The OPTIMIS Trial.

Background: Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were developed to overcome limitations related to late stent failures of drug-eluting stents, but lumen reductions over time after implantation of BRS have been reported. This study aimed to investigate if lesion preparation with a scoring balloon compared with a standard noncompliant balloon minimizes lumen reduction after implantation of a Magmaris BRS assessed with optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with stable angina were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to lesion preparation with a scoring balloon versus a standard noncompliant balloon before implantation of a Magmaris BRS.

Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach.

Purpose: Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a growing concern in contact sports, prompting two rugby governing bodies to mandate instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). This has resulted in an influx of data imposing financial and time constraints. This study presents two computational methods that leverage a dataset of video-coded match events: cross-correlation synchronisation aligns iMG data to a video recording, by providing playback timestamps for each HAE, enabling analysts to locate them in video footage; and post-synchronisation event matching identifies the coded match event (e.

Hydroxycitric acid reconstructs damaged articular cartilages by modifying the metabolic cascade in chondrogenic cells.

Objective: Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, requires innovative therapies due to the limited ability of cartilage to regenerate. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a cell source for chondrogenic cells, we hypothesize that chemicals capable of enhancing the chondrogenic potential of MSCs with transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) in vitro may similarly promote chondrogenesis in articular cartilage in vivo.

Design: Chemical compounds that enhance the TGFβ signaling for chondrogenesis were investigated utilizing mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Serum Ferritin in Dengue Infection.

Dengue fever (DF), a significant global health issue, particularly impacts tropical and subtropical regions. Elevated serum ferritin levels are increasingly recognized as a biomarker for severe dengue infection. This review examines the role of serum ferritin in diagnosing and prognosticating dengue severity.

Effect of Proteinuria Before Lenvatinib Administration on Treatment Response After Atezolizumab Bevacizumab Combination Therapy.

Aim: We investigated the impact of proteinuria on the therapeutic effect before lenvatinib administration as second-line treatment after atezolizumab-bevacizumab.

Methods: We examined 64 patients who were administered lenvatinib as second-line treatment after discontinuation of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Proteinuria assessed before lenvatinib administration was considered severe if the qualitative value test (QV) was 3+ or the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) was ≥ 2.

Optimizing Prescribing for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Through the Development and Validation of Algorithms for Community Pharmacists.

Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease and contributes to 38% of kidney failure requiring dialysis. A gap in detection and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists in primary care. Community pharmacists are positioned to support those not able to access kidney care through traditional pathways.

Investigation of malaria vectors Anopheles in non-endemic areas of Thailand: in proximity to workplaces housing foreign migrant workers.

Background: Foreign migrant workers from malaria-endemic regions play a critical factor in the transmission of malaria to non-endemic areas, mainly due to their mobility while seeking employment opportunities. This risk is particularly heightened in areas where malaria vectors are present.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the malaria vectors in two sub-districts in Khon Kaen Province, known for their factory areas and the significant presence of Myanmar migrant worker communities.

Evaluating non-utilization of deceased donor kidneys in Korea.

Considering the low deceased donation rates despite increasing rates of end-stage kidney disease in Asia, minimizing donor kidney discard is important. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of donor kidney discard in Korea. This nationwide study included deceased donor kidneys of candidates for kidney transplantation (KT) between 2013 and 2018 in Korea.

Friend or Foe? Safety and Efficacy of Hepatitis B Viremic Solid Organ Allograft into Seronegative Recipients.

Background: Long-term outcomes of HBV nucleic acid test (NAT)-positive (+) allograft use in seronegative liver transplant (LT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients remains unknown despite being incorporated into practice by select centers. This study compares long-term outcomes between HBV NAT+ and NAT-negative (-) allografts in seronegative recipients.

Study Design: All recipients of an HBV core antibody-positive (HBcAb+) LT or KT were prospectively evaluated at a single transplant center from 6/2015-3/2023 and compared by NAT status.

Neuropsychological Profile in Older Adults with End-Stage Kidney Disease during Kidney Transplantation Evaluation.

Background: End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant concern for older adults and is often associated with cognitive impairment (CI). The origin of this CI is multifactorial, involving vascular and metabolic factors. Additionally, renal treatments, including dialysis, may affect cognition.

FORCE platform overcomes barriers of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and corrects myotonic dystrophy features in preclinical models.

Background: We developed the FORCE platform to overcome limitations of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and enable their applicability to neuromuscular disorders. The platform consists of an antigen-binding fragment, highly specific for the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), conjugated to an oligonucleotide via a cleavable valine-citrulline linker. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by expanded CUG triplets in the DMPK RNA, which sequester splicing proteins in the nucleus, lead to spliceopathy, and drive disease progression.