Fc-binding nanodisc restores antiviral efficacy of antibodies with reduced neutralizing effects against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Passive antibody therapies, typically administered via parenteral routes, have played a crucial role in the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed significant limitations of this approach, primarily due to mutational escape and the inadequate delivery of antibodies to the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel prophylactic strategy involving the intranasal delivery of an antibody in combination with an Fc-binding nanodisc.

Free radicals and their impact on health and antioxidant defenses: a review.

Free radicals, characterized by the presence of unpaired electrons, are highly reactive species that play a significant role in human health. These molecules can be generated through various endogenous processes, such as mitochondrial respiration and immune cell activation, as well as exogenous sources, including radiation, pollution, and smoking. While free radicals are essential for certain physiological processes, such as cell signaling and immune defense, their overproduction can disrupt the delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Fourteen Complete Genome Sequences of Isolated from Species.

Endosymbionts are important for insect species as they provide essential substances to the host. Due to the technical advance of NGS technology and assemblers, many endosymbionts bacterial genomes are available now. Here, we analysed fourteen endosymbiont bacterial genomes of genius, one of notorious pest species.

Engineering probiotic Escherichia coli for inflammation-responsive indoleacetic acid production using RiboJ-enhanced genetic circuits.

Background: As our understanding of gut microbiota's metabolic impacts on health grows, the interest in engineered probiotics has intensified. This study aimed to engineer the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) in response to gut inflammatory biomarkers thiosulfate and nitrate.

Results: Genetic circuits were developed to initiate IAA synthesis upon detecting inflammatory signals, optimizing a heterologous IAA biosynthetic pathway, and incorporating a RiboJ insulator to enhance IAA production.

Anti-proteolytic regulation of KRAS by USP9X/NDRG3 in KRAS-driven cancer development.

Cancers with activating mutations of KRAS show a high prevalence but remain intractable, requiring innovative strategies to overcome the poor targetability of KRAS. Here, we report that KRAS expression is post-translationally up-regulated through deubiquitination when the scaffolding function of NDRG3 (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 3) promotes specific interaction between KRAS and a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP9X. In KRAS-mutant cancer cells KRAS protein expression, downstream signaling, and cell growth are highly dependent on NDRG3.

GDBr: genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms.

Large genetic variants can be generated via homologous recombination (HR), such as polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) or single-strand annealing (SSA). Given that these HR-based mechanisms leave specific genomic signatures, we developed GDBr, a genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms using high-quality genome assemblies. We applied GDBr to a draft human pangenome reference.

Therapeutic potential of anti-ErbB3 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against breast cancer.

ErbB3 is markedly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and is associated with resistance and metastasis. Additionally, ErbB3 expression levels are positively correlated with low densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, a marker of poor prognosis. Consequently, ErbB3 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of thermophilic bacterium Sinimarinibacterium thermocellulolyticum sp. nov. HSW-8, a cellulase-producing bacterium isolated from hot spring water in South Korea.

A thermophilic cellulase-producing bacterium, strain HSW-8, isolated from hot spring waters in South Korea, was subjected to a taxonomic analysis. Cells of strain HSW-8 were gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, with optimum growth at 45 °C, pH 7.0, in the presence of 0% (w/v) NaCl.

Integration of metabolomics and other omics: from microbes to microbiome.

Metabolomics is a cutting-edge omics technology that identifies metabolites in organisms and their environments and tracks their fluctuations. This field has been extensively utilized to elucidate previously unknown metabolic pathways and to identify the underlying causes of metabolic changes, given its direct association with phenotypic alterations. However, metabolomics inherently has limitations that can lead to false positives and false negatives.

Design and evaluation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase degraders using a covalent fumarate handle.

Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in drug discovery. Despite the FDA approval of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, the pursuit of compounds with enhanced potency and prolonged efficacy remains crucial to mitigate inevitable adverse effects. In this context, we endeavored to develop ALK degraders utilizing FDA-approved ALK inhibitors-crizotinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, and alectinib-as ALK binders, along with 4-methoxyphenylfumarate as a covalent handle to bind to RNF126 E3 ligase.

Transcriptomic landscapes of STING-mediated DNA-sensing reveal cellular response heterogeneity.

Transfection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding target genes is a routine tool in gene function studies and therapeutic applications. However, nucleic acid-sensing-mediated innate immune responses influence multiple intracellular signaling pathways. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial adapter protein for DNA sensors in mammalian cells.

Toxin production in bloom-forming, harmful alga Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) is regulated by cyst formation-promoting bacteria Jannaschia cystaugens NBRC 100362.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by dinoflagellates like Alexandrium pacificum pose significant ecological and public health risks due to their production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Bacterial populations, particularly Alexandrium cyst formation-promoting bacteria (Alex-CFPB), are known to significantly influence growth, encystment, toxin synthesis, the composition of toxic components, and bloom dynamics of these dinoflagellates. However, the role of Alex-CFPB in Alexandrium toxin synthesis and the mechanisms thereof are still unclear.

Regulatory effects of extract and Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on skin barrier function.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The pharmacological potential of marine organisms remains largely unexplored. commonly known as Pae, is extensively distributed over Asia. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory properties are also being investigated.

Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation governs long-range chromatin interactions in V(D)J recombination during early B-cell development.

V(D)J recombination secures the production of functional immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and antibody diversity during the early stages of B-cell development through long-distance interactions mediated by cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates various protein functions, including DNA-binding affinity and protein-protein interactions. However, the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on proteins involved in V(D)J recombination remain largely unknown.

Thermo-responsive 3D nanostructures for enhanced performance in food-poisoning bacterial analysis.

The growing risk of bacterial food poisoning due to global warming has necessitated the development of methods for accurate detection of food-poisoning bacteria. Despite extensive efforts to develop enhanced bacterial-capture methods, challenges associated with the release of the captured bacteria have limited the sensitivity of bacterial detection. In this study, thermo-responsive intelligent 3D nanostructures to improve food-poisoning bacterial analysis performance were fabricated by introducing a thermo-responsive polymer onto an urchin-like 3D nanopillar substrate (URCHANO).

Comprehensive effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on cynomolgus macaques across various fecal conditions.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics therapies represent key clinical options, yet their complex effects on the host are not fully understood. We evaluated the comprehensive effects of FMT using diarrheal or normal feces, as well as probiotic therapies, on multiple anatomical sites in healthy cynomolgus macaques through colonoscopy and surgery. Our research revealed that FMT led to a partial microbiome transplantation without exhibiting the donor's fecal clinical characteristics.

Shiga Toxins Produced by Enterohaemorrhagic Induce Inflammation in Toxin-Sensitive Cells through the p38 MAPK/MK2/Tristetraprolin Signaling Pathway.

Shiga toxins (Stxs), produced by serotype 1 and certain pathotypes, cause hemorrhagic colitis, which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The underlying mechanisms of toxin-induced inflammation remain unclear. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and its downstream target, MAPKAPK2 (MK2), play key roles in various cellular responses.

Roseateles microcysteis sp. nov., Isolated from Co-cultivation of Microcystis aeruginosa and Myriophyllum spicatum.

A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain MS17 was obtained from a co-culture of Microcystis aeruginosa and Myriophyllum spicatum. The examination of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence showed a significant degree of similarity between strain MS17 and Paucibacter sediminis S2-9 (98.4%), Roseateles violae PFR6 (98.

Development of a diagnostic and drug evaluation system for acute inflammation using a novel [Zr]DTPA-sorbitol probe.

Non-invasive imaging techniques employing biomarkers with high selectivity for inflammation are essential not only for the early diagnosis and prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases but also for guiding appropriate drug therapy and enabling real-time evaluation of anti-inflammatory drug efficacy. In this study, we conjugated radioactive zirconium to sorbitol, a compound that can selectively target inflammation, and evaluated its inflammation-specific uptake and potential for assessing anti-inflammatory treatment efficacy in a mouse inflammation model. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that radiolabeled sorbitol achieved maximal uptake in inflamed tissues within 1 h.

B7H6 is the predominant activating ligand driving natural killer cell-mediated killing in patients with liquid tumours: evidence from clinical, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of innate lymphoid cells that are inherently capable of recognizing and killing infected or tumour cells. This has positioned NK cells as a promising live drug for tumour immunotherapy, but limited success suggests incomplete knowledge of their killing mechanism. NK cell-mediated killing involves a complex decision-making process based on integrating activating and inhibitory signals from various ligand-receptor repertoires.

Split Probe-Induced Protein Translational Amplification for Nucleic Acid Detection.

Nucleic acid detection is important in a wide range of applications, including disease diagnosis, genetic testing, biotechnological research, environmental monitoring, and forensic science. However, the application of nucleic acid detection in various fields is hindered by the lack of sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive methods. This study introduces a simple approach to enhance the sensitivity for the accurate detection of nucleic acids.

Corrigendum: Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.

A comprehensive review of capsaicin: Biosynthesis, industrial productions, processing to applications, and clinical uses.

Capsaicin, the main bioactive compound in chili peppers, is widely known for its diverse pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Despite its therapeutic potential, the low yield of natural capsaicin and the challenges in producing it on a large-scale limit broader industrial and clinical applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of capsaicin's biosynthesis in plants, chemical and enzymatic synthesis methods, and recent advancements in green production technologies.