Olanzapine has better efficacy compared to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Objective: The safety and efficacy profile of risperidone and olanzapine were compared in a double-blind trial that used doses widely accepted in clinical practice.

Methods: Subjects ( = 71) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive 2-8 mg/day of risperidone (mean modal dose = 5.5 mg/day) or 5-20 mg/day of olanzapine (mean modal dose = 14.

Extrapyramidal Side Effects with Low Dose Amisulpride: A Report of Two Cases.

Amisulpride, recently introduced atypical antipsychotic, is well-known for its broad spectrum effectiveness and lower profile for extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). Its selective affinity for dopamine receptors in the limbic structures, but not in the striatum, leads to a low risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Here, we report two cases of EPS associated with lower dose of amisulpride.

Case Report: Application of whole exome sequencing for accurate diagnosis of rare syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess.

Syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess (SME) are closely related clinical manifestations occurring within a specific set of diseases. Overlapping clinical manifestations of such syndromes often create a dilemma in accurate diagnosis, which is crucial for disease surveillance and management especially in rare genetic disorders. Here we demonstrate the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for accurate diagnosis of rare SME and report that p.

Assessment of Oxidative DNA Damage by Alkaline Comet Assay in Human Essential Hypertension.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant status and the extent of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and their relation with essential hypertension (EHT). A total of 100 South Indian subjects aged 30-65 were included for the study. Of these 50 were normotensive controls (group-1) with blood pressure ≥120/80 mm Hg, 50 were newly diagnosed (group-2) and were not on any antihypertensive drugs, but had systolic blood pressure ranging between 140 and 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 95-100 mmHg and 50 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients underwent drug therapy for 1 year was considered as group-3.

Facet joint septic arthritis due to community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - A case report.

Septic arthritis of facet joint (SAFJ) is extremely rare. Only about sixty cases have been reported so far. A single case of SAFJ in a series of 491 cases of spinal infections was first reported by David-Chaussé in 1981.

Expectant Versus Surgical Management of Early Pregnancy Miscarriages- A Prospective Study.

Background: Surgical, medical and expectant management are the various options available to manage early pregnancy miscarriages; each with its own merits and demerits. In the last two decades, the efficacy and safety of expectant management which allows for the spontaneous passage of retained products of conception has been studied and confirmed.

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of expectant management of early pregnancy miscarriages with surgical uterine evacuation.

Anatomical variations of brachial artery - its morphology, embryogenesis and clinical implications.

Background: Accurate knowledge of variation pattern of the major arteries of upper limb is of considerable practical importance in the conduct of reparative surgery in the arm, forearm and hand however brachial artery and its terminal branches variations are less common.

Aim: Accordingly the present study was designed to evaluate the anatomical variations of the brachial artery and its morphology, embryogenesis and clinical implications.

Materials And Methods: In an anatomical study 140 upper limb specimens of 70 cadavers (35 males and 35 females) were used and anatomical variations of the brachial artery have been documented.

Late onset clozapine induced agranulocytosis.

Agranulocytosis is defined as an absolute neutrophil count less than 100/mm(3) in association with infectious disease. The risk of agranulocytosis is 0.38% of all clozapine treated cases and there is a relatively lesser incidence in Indian population.

Ossified ligamentum longitudinale anterius in adult human dry vertebrae.

Background: The ligamentum longitudinale anterius is a broad and strong band of fibrous tissue that runs along the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae.

Aim: The study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of ossified ligamentum longitudinale anterius in adult dry human vertebra.

Materials And Methods: This study was carried out on 95 sets of dry human vertebral columns irrespective of age and sex at Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences- Barabanki,-UP, Melaka Manipal Medical College-Manipal University and Department of Anatomy, KMCT Medical College, Manassery- Calicut, India.

The influence of Imipenem resistant metallo-beta-lactamase positive and negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial infections on mortality and morbidity.

Background: Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) mediated resistance to carbapenems is an emerging threat in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) nosocomial infections. Limited data on role of Imipenem resistant MBL positive PA (IR-MBLP-PA) and IR-MBL negative-PA (IR-MBLN-PA) infections on mortality and morbidity initiated the present study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the role of IR-MBLP-PA and IR-MBLN-PA infections on mortality and morbidity.

Case report: congenital dislocation of the radial head -a two-in-one approach.

Background: Congenital dislocation of the radial head of the elbow is rare. It is genetically transmitted in some cases and is often associated with syndromes, such as Nail-Patella syndrome, antecubital pterygium and ulnar dysplasia. About two thirds are posterior, with the remainder being either anterior (15%) or lateral (15%).

A double blind randomised comparison of chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam in alcohol withdrawal.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide in alcohol withdrawal in a double blind design.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 108 consecutive admissions to the de addiction ward, which after informed consent and selection based on inclusion criteria, were randomised to two groups. A comparison of the efficacy of chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam was done post randomisation.

Carotid artery intima media thickness in relation with atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The present study was carried out to study the correlation between carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) with risk factors for atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic events in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. The predictive value of CIMT as an indicator of early atherosclerosis was determined and the various atherosclerotic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. Our study showed that CIMT was significantly higher in those type 2 diabetic patients who had atherosclerotic events than in those patients who had no atherosclerotic events.

Doxofylline and theophylline: a comparative clinical study.

Objectives: COPD is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Theophylline has been used in the treatment of COPD for decades. Doxofylline a new theophylline congener has been claimed to have better safety profile.

Plica neuropathica (polonica) in schizophrenia.

Plica neuropathica (Polonica) is a common but rarely reported scalp hair condition. In this condition the hairs of scalp in a localized area is compacted into irregularly twisted, irreversibly entangled plaits. Psychological disturbance is a risk factor for plica formation.

A novel technique for intra-aortic balloon positioning in the intensive care unit.

Proper positioning of the intra-aortic balloon catheter is very important as an improperly placed balloon can cause problems. A balloon placed too high can block off the arch vessels, whereas one placed too low can block the renal and splanchnic vessels. We propose a simple and reliable technique to properly position the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) catheter without the use of any sophisticated or expensive equipment in the intensive care unit if the catheter has migrated from the previously placed desired position.

Trichotillomania with trichorhizophagia in a schizophrenic patient: Case report and review of literature.

Trichotillomania is a disorder characterized by chronic hair pulling that often results in alopecia. Eating the part of hair pulled out is a common practice and trichorhizophagia is a new term to denote the habit of eating the root of hairs pulled out, associated with trichotillomania. Many psychiatric disorders are prevalent among patients with trichotillomania.