Unveiling the guardians of the genome: The dynamic role of histones in DNA organization and disease.

Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair.

Polyphenols as Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulators: A promising strategy in clinical neurodegeneration.

Polyphenols, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic properties in treating neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The Wnt/β-catenin (WβC) signaling pathway, a crucial player in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity, is involved in several cellular mechanisms related to NDs. Dysregulation of this pathway is a hallmark in the development of various NDs.

Suitability, acceptability, feasibility of modern menstrual methods: a qualitative study in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Objective: To examine women's perceptions of modern menstrual hygiene methods (MMHM), such as tampons and menstrual cups, focusing on socio-demographic variations and special groups in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu.

Methods: A qualitative study among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) group was conducted using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among twelve women subgroups independently in 2023.

Results: The present study involved 23 focus group discussions (FGDs) across various groups of women, including those in formal and informal sectors, urban and rural areas, school and college students, healthcare workers, women in sports, tribal women, transgender women, and female sex workers (FSW), with a total of 188 participants.

Analysis of the pattern of drug use using WHO core drug indicators among general OPD patients in rural Puducherry.

Background: Prescription auditing is a crucial tool for evaluating a range of concerns, including injectable usage, polypharmacy, the use of generic names, and the quality of treatment given to patients in primary care facilities. The objective of the study was to assess, using WHO core drug use indicators, the drug use patterns of general outpatients (OPD) at a rural healthcare facility.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural peripheral health centre in Puducherry for a period of one year from September 2019 to August 2020.

Assessment and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Xanthelasma palpebrarum is considered to be a cutaneous marker for cardiovascular diseases, and there is a known association with hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and stroke.

Objectives: Our aim was to study the association and identify the predictors of metabolic syndrome in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Methods: An observational study was conducted on 55 patients in which patients of both sexes ages 20-70 years without any other skin condition were included after written informed consent.

Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin: Uptake and challenges in rural Coimbatore.

Introduction: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related infectious diseases contribute to approximately 5% of the global disease burden. Despite sanitation being a human right, 673 million people worldwide had limited access to toilets. To tackle the same, Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G) was launched in 2014 to facilitate the construction of over 100 million individual household latrines (IHHLs) across India.

Educational outcomes of simulation-based training in regional anaesthesia: a scoping review.

Background: Structured training in regional anaesthesia includes pretraining on simulation-based educational platforms to establish a safe and controlled learning environment before learners are provided clinical exposure in an apprenticeship model. This scoping review was designed to appraise the educational outcomes of current simulation-based educational modalities in regional anaesthesia.

Methods: This review conformed to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Dissimilar Planes and Approaches with Common Neural Targets - A Cadaveric Evaluation of Three Different Ultrasound-guided Fascial Plane Blocks for Lumbar Plexus Nerves.

Background: The lumbar plexus (LP) is a group of nerves located at the fourth lumbar vertebra level, between the anterior two-thirds and posterior one-thirds of the psoas muscle. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the spread of latex in injections of LP, suprainguinal fascia iliaca, and circum-psoas planes to assess the different regional techniques for blocking LP nerves (LPNs).

Methods: The study involved performing ultrasound-guided injections of three different colored latexes in six cadavers.

Comparative efficacies of vitamin D supplementation regimens in infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Vitamin D deficiency in infants is widely prevalent. Most paediatric professional associations recommend routine vitamin D prophylaxis for infants. However, the optimal dose and duration of supplementation are still debated.

Comparative Efficacy of Interventions for Analgesia During Heel Prick in Newborn Infants - A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Context: Heel prick is one among the common painful procedures in neonates. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of different interventions for analgesia during heel prick in neonates.

Evidence Acquisition: Medline, Cochrane, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched from inception until February 2023.

Effect of maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on feto-maternal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mental health disorders in pregnant women have been related to unfavorable obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) significantly distresses mothers and affects the maternal-infant bond.

Objectives: The present meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to assess the association of maternal OCD with adverse feto-maternal outcomes.

Radiographic Morphometric Analysis of the Distal Radius in the Tamil Nadu Population: A Retrospective Study.

Background and objectives Morphometric parameters such as radial inclination, palmar tilt, radial height, and ulnar variance exhibit considerable variations influenced by geographical, ethnic, racial, and individual factors. These parameters are pivotal in the context of distal radius fractures, distal radius plate design, and kinesiology. Understanding these variations is crucial for surgical precision and predicting complications.

Maternal Experiences during Pregnancy, Delivery, and Breastfeeding Practices: A Community-based Analytical Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Evidence on variation in the information provided to mothers during antenatal and postnatal periods, its influence on breastfeeding awareness, and practice in urban and rural settings of India is scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the variation in mothers experience during pregnancy, delivery, and maternity period across settings and its influence on breastfeeding practices in the first six months of infants' life.

Methods: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural settings of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, among 800 mothers who had delivered between one year and six months before the date of the survey using simple random sampling.

Comparing the posture and comfort of anaesthesiologists during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in the head-elevated laryngoscopy position in supine position and with a 25° backup: A randomised clinical crossover trial.

Background And Aims: The head-elevated laryngoscopy position (HELP) and a 25° backup have been proposed to enhance glottic visualisation, yet concerns about ergonomic discomfort hinder their widespread adoption. This study compares the comfort and posture adopted by anaesthesiologists while performing laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with patients in HELP while in a supine position or with 25° backup.

Methods: The study included 48 patients aged 18-60 years with normal airways and 12 experienced anaesthesiologists.

Global outbreaks of foodborne hepatitis A: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a significant threat in terms of food safety. A systematic literature search with the research question "What are the clinical outcomes of foodborne Hepatitis A virus infections?" was conducted. The pooled estimate of the outcomes-mortality, hospitalization, and severity rates, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was estimated.

Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021-2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India.

In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021-2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge.

Performance of ChatGPT on the India Undergraduate Community Medicine Examination: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Medical students may increasingly use large language models (LLMs) in their learning. ChatGPT is an LLM at the forefront of this new development in medical education with the capacity to respond to multidisciplinary questions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ChatGPT 3.

Real-time ultrasound-guided mid-thoracic epidural access using a novel paramedian cross (PX) view and drip infusion technique: a brief technical report.

Background: Real-time ultrasound guidance (USG) has been applied for lower thoracic epidural access, but the more challenging mid-thoracic epidural (MTE) access remains underexplored. This report presents a technique of real-time US guidance with a novel paramedian cross view, termed "the PX view," for securing MTE catheters, along with an outcome analysis from a retrospective case series.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent USG-MTE catheter placement with the PX view and drip infusion technique from January to December 2022 were reviewed.

Technologies that empower women for better access to healthcare in India - A scoping review.

Women from low- and middle-income countries face challenges in accessing and utilising quality healthcare. Technologies can aid in overcoming these challenges and the present scoping review is aimed at summarising the range of technologies used by women and assessing their role in enabling Indian women to learn about and access healthcare services. We conducted a comprehensive search from the date of inception of database till 2022 in PubMed and Google Scholar.

Utilization of modern menstrual methods and related unmet needs among college going women in Coimbatore district: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The primary objectives were to determine the proportion of modern menstrual method (MMM) users among college going women in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu; and to estimate the unmet needs associated with use of MMMs in comparison with other menstrual hygiene methods (MHMs). We also assessed the factors that determine MMM use among college going women.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among college going women in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India between October 2022 and January 2023 using a purpose predesigned, pretested, semi-structured proforma that included validated Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36).