Mid-facial soft tissue re-suspension following skeletal fixation after maxillofacial trauma-a prospective case series study.

Purpose: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is used for reduction and stabilization of facial fractures. Despite perfect anatomic skeletal reduction, subtle asymmetries are seen in facial appearance as mid-facial soft tissue often reattaches to the respective facial bones in an aberrant, mostly lower in position. Thus, the present study evaluates the effectiveness of mid-facial soft tissue re-suspension procedure to prevent changes in mid-facial soft tissue profile after ORIF of maxillo-facial fractures.

GLUT-1 immunoexpression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma.

Glucose transporters, such as GLUT-1, mediate the important mechanisms involved in cellular glucose influx, allowing cells to proliferate and survive. The significance of GLUT-1 expression in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been less explored, and no study has investigated it in relation to verrucous carcinoma (VC). We evaluated 30 cases each of OED, OSCC, and VC, graded further on the basis of their differentiation, immunohistochemically for GLUT-1 expression, along with 10 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM) as controls.

Detection of metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma: still a diagnostic impasse.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most common malignancy of the oral cavity poses a significant public health problem due its impact on the speech, mastication, taste, swallowing and esthetics. Moreover, the presence of metastasis either regional or distant worsens the prognosis and reduces the survival rate in these patients. This makes it imperative to diagnose metastasis at an early stage to facilitate appropriate therapeutic management to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.

Diagnoses of 964 oral biopsies from people aged over 50 years in Karnataka State, India.

Introduction: The drastic epidemiological transition has created a huge void in evidence with regard to the health statistics of elderly population. Data are sparse on the oral mucosal conditions prevalent among the elderly Indian population. This study aimed to review the oral biopsies reported in the institute over the last 21 years and to examine the trends in geriatric oral pathologies.

Cytological assessment of Barr bodies using aceto-orcein and papanicolaou stains in buccal mucosal smears and their sex estimation efficacy in an Indian sample.

Objective: Buccal epithelial cells in saliva traces found at a crime scene can be used for sex determination by examining the presence of Barr bodies in the nucleus. Papanicolaou (PAP) and fluorescent stains, among others, have been used in the past. Aceto-orcein (AO) is a relatively unexplored staining technique for this purpose.

Exfoliative cytological assessment of apparently normal buccal mucosa among quid chewers using argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts and Papanicolaou staining.

Objective: Quid chewing is associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. This study aims to analyze argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts along with Papanicolaou (PAP) staining in exfoliative smears of quid chewers and non-chewers to correlate quid chewing habits with possible early cytological changes in apparently normal buccal mucosa.

Study Design: Exfoliative smears were obtained from normal buccal mucosa of 30 male quid chewers and non-chewers.

Evaluation of PTEN immunoexpression in oral submucous fibrosis: role in pathogenesis and malignant transformation.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a premalignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by generalized submucosal fibrosis. Despite its precancerous nature, the molecular biology regarding its malignant potential has not been extensively studied. PTEN, a known tumor suppressor gene is mutated in a majority of human cancers and has also been implicated in several fibrotic disorders.

Immuno-histochemical evaluation of Cathepsin D in malignant salivary gland carcinomas.

Objective: Cathepsin D is a lysosomal acid protease secreted in increased levels in several malignancies. However, its role in salivary gland tumors has not been studied extensively. The present study aims to assess the expression of Cathepsin D in malignant salivary gland tumors and to compare its expression in these tumors.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor).

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is a benign epithelial tumor with characteristic clinical and histopathologic features. These features are discussed with a typical case presentation along with emphasis on newer variants and management strategies.

Evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis: correlation with disease severity.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a premalignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by generalized submucosal fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are contractile cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and are considered primary producers of extracellular matrix after injury. Their accumulation has been established as a marker of progressive fibrosis in organs like lungs, liver, kidney and skin.

Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in canines: Cameriere's method assessed in an Indian sample using radiovisiography.

Age estimation of an individual whether living or dead is an intimidating task in forensic investigations. Since teeth are more resistant to most peri- and post-mortem changes, they are frequently used for identification and age estimation when skeletal remains are in poor condition. However, most methods are destructive and warrant extraction of teeth which is not feasible in living individuals.

Areca nut in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: revisited.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease due to a chronic, insidious change in fibro-elasticity, characterized by burning sensation in the oral cavity, blanching, and stiffening of the oral mucosa and oropharynx leading to trismus and inability to open the mouth. The symptoms and signs depend on the progression of the lesions and number of affected sites. It is predominantly seen in Indians and other Asians.

Nevoid-basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a case report and overview on diagnosis and management.

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare condition characterized by varied clinical manifestations like multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCC), multiple Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumours (KCOT), palmar and/or plantar pits and ectopic calcification of the falx cerebri, which are considered as the major criteria for diagnosis. The occurrence of jaw manifestations makes it an important diagnostic problem for oral and maxillofacial surgeons and often clinicians encounter this aspect which finally leads to the diagnosis of this syndrome. This paper reports a case of NBCCS and provides an overview on the diagnosis and management of this enigmatic entity.