Combined lateral condyle mass and olecranon fractures: A proposed treatment algorithm and surgical technique.

Combined lateral condyle mass and olecranon fractures are infrequently seen. These cases are easily missed, and only 12 previous cases are detailed in the English medical literature. The decision for surgical fixation usually depends on the amount of displacement of the individual fractures.

Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and childhood eczema, rhinitis and wheeze.

Background: The pathogenesis of allergic diseases in childhood may be attributed to influences of early environmental stimuli on fetal and neonatal immune regulation. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is common in the Asian population and up to 20% of infants require phototherapy. We examined the hypothesis that phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia modulates the infant's risk of developing eczema, rhinitis and wheeze in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort.

Antenatal corticosteroids administration: are we giving them at the right time?

Objective: Antenatal corticosteroids before preterm births are considered to be most effective 48 h after and up to 1 week after the first dose. We aim to evaluate: (1) our practice of administration of antenatal corticosteroids in Singapore; (2) admission characteristics of women for discriminatory factors of spontaneous preterm delivery within 1 week.

Methods: This is a retrospective study in a tertiary obstetrics unit in Singapore.

FKBP5 Moderates the Association between Antenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Neonatal Brain Morphology.

Antenatal maternal depressive symptoms influence fetal brain development and increase the risk for depression in offspring. Such vulnerability is often moderated by the offspring's genetic variants. This study aimed to examine whether FKBP5, a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, moderates the association between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and in utero brain development, using an Asian cohort with 161 mother-offspring dyads.

Tourniquet-induced common peroneal nerve injury in a pediatric patient after knee arthroscopy - raising the red flag.

Peripheral nerve injury following the use of arterial tourniquets is a rare but potentially debilitating complication. Further education on the safe and appropriate practice of tourniquets is imperative to reduce the incidence of tourniquet-related complications.

Maternal choline status during pregnancy, but not that of betaine, is related to antenatal mental well-being: The growing up in Singapore toward healthy outcomes cohort.

Background: Choline and betaine status have previously been associated with symptoms of depression. However, the relation of maternal plasma choline and betaine concentrations in pregnancy to peripartum maternal mood is unknown.

Methods: Maternal plasma choline and betaine concentrations (μmol/L) were measured at 26-28 weeks gestation in the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort.

FluMob: Enabling Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections in Health-care Workers Mobile Phones.

Singapore is a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases and faces a constant risk of pandemic outbreaks as a major travel and health hub for Southeast Asia. With an increasing penetration of smart phone usage in this region, Singapore's pandemic preparedness framework can be strengthened by applying a mobile-based approach to health surveillance and control, and improving upon existing ideas by addressing gaps, such as a lack of health communication. FluMob is a digitally integrated syndromic surveillance system designed to assist health authorities in obtaining real-time epidemiological and surveillance data from health-care workers (HCWs) within Singapore, by allowing them to report influenza incidence using smartphones.

Effects of Antenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Socio-Economic Status on Neonatal Brain Development are Modulated by Genetic Risk.

This study included 168 and 85 mother-infant dyads from Asian and United States of America cohorts to examine whether a genomic profile risk score for major depressive disorder (GPRSMDD) moderates the association between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms (or socio-economic status, SES) and fetal neurodevelopment, and to identify candidate biological processes underlying such association. Both cohorts showed a significant interaction between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant GPRSMDD on the right amygdala volume. The Asian cohort also showed such interaction on the right hippocampal volume and shape, thickness of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Predictors of allergen sensitization in Singapore children from birth to 3 years.

Background: Immune responses in allergic diseases begin with allergen sensitization, which usually occurs in childhood. Allergen sensitization involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and sensitization patterns may change with age.

Objective: To determine the predictors of allergen sensitization in the first 3 years of life in the growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes (GUSTO) prospective birth cohort study.

Early-life factors affect risk of pain and fever in infants during teething periods.

Aim: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the prevalence of teething-related pain and fever and the early-life factors that may affect the risk of experiencing these disturbances within the first 1.5 years of life.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited (n = 1033) through the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort (n = 1237).

Asynchronous Development of Cerebellar, Cerebello-Cortical, and Cortico-Cortical Functional Networks in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood.

Evidence from clinical studies shows that early cerebellar injury can cause abnormal development of the cerebral cortex in children. Characterization of normative development of the cerebellar and cerebello-cortical organization in early life is of great clinical importance. Here, we analyzed cerebellar, cerebello-cortical, and cortico-cortical functional networks using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of healthy infants (6 months, n = 21), children (4-10 years, n = 68), and adults (23-38 years, n = 25).

A Comparison of Practices During the Confinement Period among Chinese, Malay, and Indian Mothers in Singapore.

Background: Confinement (restrictions placed on diet and practices during the month right after delivery) represents a key feature of Asian populations. Few studies, however, have focused specifically on ethnic differences in confinement practices. This study assesses the confinement practices of three ethnic groups in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Determinants of Breastfeeding Practices and Success in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.

Background: Many countries in Asia report low breastfeeding rates and the risk factors for early weaning are not well studied. We assessed the prevalence, duration, and mode of breastfeeding (direct or expressed) among mothers of three Asian ethnic groups.

Methods: Participants were 1,030 Singaporean women recruited during early pregnancy.

Tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory morbidity in young children.

Objective: Secondhand smoke exposure is a potentially preventable cause of significant respiratory morbidity in young children. Our study aimed to quantify respiratory morbidity in young children exposed to secondhand smoke to identify potentially modifiable factors.

Materials And Methods: This study was embedded in a prospective birth cohort study of pregnant women and their children from fetal life onwards in Singapore (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes, or GUSTO).

Prospective associations of appetitive traits at 3 and 12 months of age with body mass index and weight gain in the first 2 years of life.

Background: Appetitive traits in childhood such as food responsiveness and enjoyment of food have been associated with body mass index (BMI) in later childhood. However, data on appetitive traits during infancy in relation to BMI in later childhood are sparse. We aimed to relate appetitive traits in infancy to subsequent BMI and weight gain up to 24 months of age.

Structural connectivity asymmetry in the neonatal brain.

Asymmetry of the neonatal brain is not yet understood at the level of structural connectivity. We utilized DTI deterministic tractography and structural network analysis based on graph theory to determine the pattern of structural connectivity asymmetry in 124 normal neonates. We tracted white matter axonal pathways characterizing interregional connections among brain regions and inferred asymmetry in left and right anatomical network properties.

Use of three-dimensional ultrasound scan to assess the clinical importance of midurethral placement of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for treatment of incontinence.

The aim of the study is to illustrate that the midurethral positioning of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) may not be necessary to achieve continence. Our secondary aim is to highlight that a fair number of successfully performed TVT procedures do not result in midurethral position of the tape. A review of 31 women who underwent TVT operations and consecutively returned for their follow-up visits from July 2003 to November 2003 was conducted.