Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Nepalese patients at a tuberculosis referral center.

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), characterized by isoniazid and rifampicin resistance, is caused by chromosomal mutations that restrict treatment options and complicate tuberculosis management. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, as well as mutation pattern, in Nepalese patients with MDR/rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB strains.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on MDR/RR-TB patients at the German Nepal Tuberculosis Project from June 2017 to June 2018.

Herpes zoster vaccination and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Previous studies have reported a decreased risk of dementia with herpes zoster vaccination. Given this background, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between herpes zoster vaccination and the risk of dementia.

Methods: We searched five databases until November 2023 for case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort studies investigating the association of herpes zoster vaccination and dementia.

Contiguous diastematomyelia with tethered cord, intradural extramedullary dermoid tumor, and lipomyelomeningocele: A unique case of spinal dysraphism.

Diastematomyelia, tethered cord, intradural extramedullary dermoid tumor and lipomyelomeningocele such disease entities themselves are rare in their own form and concurrent presentation of all those pathological states in a single individual can be considered one of the rarest forms of spinal dysraphism globally. Moreover for prompt management with optimal prognosis needs refined neurosurgical intervention guided by intraoperative neuromonitoring so as to bring about the best quality of life in the patient.

Serum iron Profile of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and its Association with Socio-demographic Characteristics and Duration of Diagnosis.

Background: Sickle cell anemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy in the world. The study aimed to evaluate the iron profile and its association with socio-demographic characteristics in patients with sickle cell disease.

Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to know the iron profile and its socio-demographic association in patients with sickle cell disease.

Chorea as the only presenting clinical feature of rheumatic fever: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Sydenham's chorea (SC), a major neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is commonly seen in young children and adolescents. It is characterized by rapid, unpredictable, involuntary, and nonpatterned contractions affecting mostly distal limbs. It can also be associated with clinical or subclinical carditis.

Alstrom syndrome with classical findings: a rare case report of monogenic ciliopathy co-occurrence in twins.

Introduction And Importance: Alstrom syndrome is one of the rarest monogenic ciliopathy belonging to autosomal recessive disorder. The pathophysiology of Alstrom syndrome is not well understood but based upon the available medical literature its mechanism can be linked with recessive mutation in Alstrom syndrome 1(ALSM1) gene resulting in various multiple organ involvement and poor prognosis. Moreover the co-occurrence of such syndrome simultaneously in twins in same period of time is considered rare.

A case report on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 infection.

Key Clinical Message: Early recognition and treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) within the context of COVID-19 infection is crucial for improved outcomes. Prompt intervention with IVIG and steroids leads to significant improvement in a severe case of MIS-C. Clinicians should be vigilant for MIS-C symptoms and initiate timely management.

Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women and their health-seeking behavior in Ichchhakamana rural municipality of Chitwan district.

Adolescent pregnancy is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing regions like Nepal, where it poses significant risks to maternal and child health and perpetuates the cycle of poverty. This study focused on the marginalized Chepang community, which is endangered and faces unique challenges. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women in Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal, and also assessed their reproductive health-seeking behavior.

A rare case report of low-grade endometrial sarcoma: A surgical tale from Himalayas.

Introduction: In the context of female genital tract malignancy, uterine sarcoma is considered the rarest form of the disease. Despite the inert nature of low-grade endometrial sarcoma, they must be meticulously diagnosed on time, with an exact grading of the severity and staging of the disease, which further guides the treatment modality and prognosis.

Case Summary: A married Asian female without any significant past medical and surgical history complained of abdominal distension and discomfort, which was progressive in nature, for which a radiological assessment was made that showed features suggestive of endometrial sarcoma.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.

Despite the frequent use of prophylactic antibiotics in hospitals for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Infectious Disease Task Force does not recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis due to a lack of compelling evidence. We assessed the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in ECMO patients. We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases from their inception up to September 6, 2023, on various databases using keywords like "antibiotics," "prophylaxis," "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation," and "ECMO.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of hyperuricemia among patients with chronic kidney disease under haemodialysis in a tertiary care center: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hyperuricemia is common in chronic kidney disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 patients with chronic kidney disease who visited the haemodialysis unit of a tertiary centre hospital from 11 September 2022, to 11 November 2022.

Correlation Seminar during Basic Medical Science: Our Experience.

Unlabelled: Correlation seminars are used in teaching curricula as a strategy to encourage students to build a solid foundation in basic science at the beginning of the learning process. Establishing a link between basic science and medical practice is the main objective of the correlation seminar which helps students relate topics from basic science with a medical application or disease. Correlation seminars are designated in such a way that students can apply their basic science knowledge acquired from lectures and practical classes in clinical patient care.

A rare case of esophageal variceal bleeding as a result of portal hypertension due to extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction and its management in a 7-year-old.

Introduction: Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction is the most common cause of portal hypertension in children. However, it has a very low prevalence. Esophageal varices due to portal hypertension in children can lead to recurrent episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can have a sinister outcome if timely diagnosis and treatment are not initiated.

Bednar's tumor at right shoulder in an adult male: a case report of a rare entity.

Introduction And Importance: Bednar tumor, a rare variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a tumor with low malignant potential. Owing to limited studies, the pathogenesis and risk factor of this tumor are not clearly understood. The tumor extends from the epidermis to the dermal layers and even affects the surrounding bone.

Stunting among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Visiting the Outpatient Department of Pediatrics in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Stunting refers to low height for age, resulting from chronic undernutrition, often linked to poor socio-economic conditions, maternal health, infant care, and nutrition. It hinders children's physical and cognitive development. In Nepal, over half of children under five suffer from malnutrition.

Sexual Intercourse during Pregnancy among Postpartum Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a time when women's bodies and minds go through a lot of changes. Sexuality is an important part of a woman's health and well-being, and it often changes during pregnancy. Most women admit that their libido changes in some way during pregnancy.

Abdominal Wall Dyskinesia in a Child Presenting as Belly Dancers' Syndrome: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Belly dancer's dyskinesia or syndrome is a rare condition characterized by involuntary, undulating, infrequent diaphragm movements. The etiologies for this disorder include nervous system disorders (peripheral or central), drug-induced, psychological, or idiopathic. This article describes a 10-year-old boy with an underlying psychological stressor who suddenly experienced involuntary abdominal wall movements after salbutamol nebulization.

High Problematic Screen Exposure among Children Aged 2-5 Years Visiting the Department of Pediatrics of a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: The effects of problematic screen exposure in the early years have adverse effects on cognition, reasoning, executive, and social skills, and physical health. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of problematic screen exposure in children between 2 to 5 years of age visiting the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of children aged 2 to 5 years of age in a tertiary care centre from 16 July 2023 to 30 September 2023 after an ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee.

Overweight among Medical Students in a Medical College.

Introduction: Overweight is defined as a condition in which abnormal accumulation of fat directly affects an individual personality and health leading to a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. It has a direct impact on both the psychological aspects of an individual's personality and their overall health. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of overweight among medical students in a medical college.

Ocular Trauma among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity worldwide. Knowledge of the cause of eye injuries can guide preventive strategies and optimize management capacity. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of ocular trauma among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre.

Implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening across five tertiary hospitals in Nepal and its policy implications: A mixed-methods study.

In Nepal, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women despite the existing policies. This study intends to assess the implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening through service utilization by women, knowledge and attitude among health professionals, and the perceptions of stakeholders in Nepal. This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2022 across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal.