Diagnosis and Management of Skin Toxicities in Systemic Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers.

The landscape of available therapeutic options for treatment of genitourinary (GU) cancers is expanding dramatically. Many of these treatments have distinct, sometimes severe, skin toxicities including morbilliform, bullous, pustular, lichenoid, eczematous, psoriasiform, and palmoplantar eruptions. Pruritus and skin pigmentation changes have also been noted.

Implementation of a Hepatitis B Screening Program in Patients Receiving Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy.

Cancer patients receiving non-endocrine therapies are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr). Guidelines recommend HBV screening prior to treatment. The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center implemented a screening pilot for all patients receiving FOLFOX-based regimens between January and April 2023.

Transcriptomic and Functional Landscape of Adult Human Spinal Cord NSPCs Compared to iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells.

The adult human spinal cord harbors diverse populations of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) essential for neuroregeneration and central nervous system repair. While induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NSPCs offer significant therapeutic potential, understanding their molecular and functional alignment with bona fide spinal cord NSPCs is crucial for developing autologous cell therapies that enhance spinal cord regeneration and minimize immune rejection. In this study, we present the first direct transcriptomic and functional comparison of syngeneic adult human NSPC populations, including bona fide spinal cord NSPCs and iPSC-derived NSPCs regionalized to the spinal cord (iPSC-SC) and forebrain (iPSC-Br).

The chromatin remodeler ADNP regulates neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes and neocortical neurogenesis.

Although chromatin remodelers are among the most important risk genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the roles of these complexes during brain development are in many cases unclear. Here, we focused on the recently discovered ChAHP chromatin remodeling complex. The zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor ADNP is a core subunit of this complex, and de novo mutations lead to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.

Expanding the Molecular Genetic Landscape of Dystrophinopathies and Associated Phenotypes.

: X-linked dystrophinopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by pathogenic variants in the gene (MIM *300377). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD; MIM #310200) is the most common inherited muscular dystrophy. : We screened datasets of 403 male, genetically confirmed X-linked dystrophinopathy patients and identified 13 pathogenic variants of the gene that have not been described in the literature thus far.

Decoding Schizophrenia: How AI-Enhanced fMRI Unlocks New Pathways for Precision Psychiatry.

Schizophrenia, a highly complex psychiatric disorder, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its multifaceted neurobiological underpinnings. Recent advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the understanding and management of this condition. This manuscript explores how the integration of these technologies has unveiled key insights into schizophrenia's structural and functional neural anomalies.

Implementation processes and capacity-building needs in Ontario maternal-newborn care hospital settings: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Maternal-newborn care does not always align with the best available evidence. Applying implementation science to change initiatives can help move evidence-informed practices into clinical settings. However, it remains unknown to what extent current implementation practices in maternal-newborn care align with recommendations from implementation science, and how confident nurses, other health professionals, and leaders are completing steps in the implementation process.

Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach: Commonly overlooked, limited treatment options.

Small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the stomach, whether synchronous or metachronous, is a rare phenomenon accounting for < 0.5% of lung cancers. Hence it can be overlooked by clinicians resulting in delayed diagnosis.

Stakeholder perceptions and experiences of competency-based training with entrustable professional activities (SPECTRE): protocol of a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research.

Background: Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) aims to align educational outcomes with the demands of modern healthcare. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) serve as key tools for feedback and professional development within CBME. With the growing body of literature on EPAs, there is a need to synthesize existing research on stakeholders' experiences and perceptions to enhance understanding of the implementation and impact of EPAs.

Nanoparticles Codelivering mRNA and SiRNA for Simultaneous Restoration and Silencing of Gene/Protein Expression In Vitro and In Vivo.

RNA-based agents (siRNA, miRNA, and mRNA) can selectively manipulate gene expression/proteins and are set to revolutionize a variety of disease treatments. Nanoparticle (NP) platforms have been developed to deliver functional mRNA or siRNA inside cells to overcome their inherent limitations. Recent studies have focused on siRNA to knock down proteins causing drug resistance or mRNA technology to introduce tumor suppressors.

Acceptability, feasibility, and impact of the MyGut digital health platform in the monitoring and management of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Digital health monitoring may help facilitate self-management strategies when caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aims: This study investigated the feasibility of implementing the MyGut health application when caring for patients with IBD and evaluated whether its use improved health outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective trial in 2 Canadian hospitals from 2020 to 2023.

Combined hip arthroscopy with periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia: a systematic review.

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that corrects acetabular dysplasia without necessarily addressing intra-articular pathology. Hip arthroscopy is being increasingly used to address soft tissue pathologies at the time of a PAO. This review aims to determine patient-reported outcome measure scores (PROMs) of combining hip arthroscopy and PAO.

Roadmap for the evolution of monitoring: developing and evaluating waveform-based variability-derived artificial intelligence-powered predictive clinical decision support software tools.

Background: Continuous waveform monitoring is standard-of-care for patients at risk for or with critically illness. Derived from waveforms, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure variability contain useful diagnostic and prognostic information; and when combined with machine learning, can provide predictive indices relating to severity of illness and/or reduced physiologic reserve. Integration of predictive models into clinical decision support software (CDSS) tools represents a potential evolution of monitoring.

Identifying gaps in infection prevention and control practice in Australian residential aged care using scenarios.

Background: Older people living in residential aged care are vulnerable to infections. High quality infection prevention and control (IPC) practice is therefore vital in this setting. It is important to assess current IPC practice to identify areas where best practice is lacking, and where improvement efforts could most effectively be targeted.

Septic shock after a saline infusion hysterosalpingosonogram in a woman with stage IV endometriosis and infertility: A case report.

Saline infusion sonohysterography/hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography is commonly used in the work-up of infertility. Overall, pelvic infection following these investigations is rare, but risk may be increased in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not professionally recommended in patients with advanced endometriosis, a point that requires reconsideration.

An international, cross-sectional survey of preprint attitudes among biomedical researchers.

Background: Preprints are scientific manuscripts that are made available on open-access servers but are not yet peer-reviewed. Although preprints are becoming more prevalent, uptake is not optimal. Understanding researchers' opinions and attitudes toward preprints is valuable to optimize their use.

Development and Characterization of an Oncolytic Human Adenovirus-Based Vector Co-Expressing the Adenovirus Death Protein and p14 Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Fusogenic Protein.

Human adenovirus (HAdV)-based oncolytic vectors, which are designed to preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells, have shown modest efficacy in human clinical trials in part due to poor viral distribution throughout the tumor mass. Previously, we showed that expression of the p14 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) fusogenic protein could enhance oncolytic HAdV efficacy and reduce tumor growth rate in a human xenograft mouse model of cancer. We now explore whether co-expression of the adenovirus death protein (ADP) with p14 FAST protein could synergize to further enhance oncolytic vector efficacy.

A Multicenter Physician Survey Evaluating the Use of Ki-67 in Breast Cancer Management in Canada.

Background: Ki-67's response to pre-operative endocrine therapy (ET) in early breast cancer is an evidence-based tool to guide adjuvant treatment decisions. Physicians across Canada were surveyed to explore current practice patterns and perceived barriers to the use of Ki-67 in practice.

Methods: Physicians were invited to participate in an anonymous survey and were eligible if they prescribed systemic therapy for breast cancer in Canada.

Increasing the Use of Newborn Pain Treatment Following the Implementation of a Parent-Targeted Video: An Outcome Evaluation.

Background/objectives: Despite strong evidence that breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care, and sucrose reduce pain in newborns during minor painful procedures, these interventions remain underutilized in practice. To address this knowledge-to-practice gap, we produced a five-minute parent-targeted video demonstrating the analgesic effects of these strategies and examined whether the use of newborn pain treatment increased in maternal-newborn care settings following the introduction of the video by nurses.

Methods: The design was a pre-post outcome evaluation.

Guidance for Canadian Breast Cancer Practice: National Consensus Recommendations for Clinical Staging of Patients Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer.

The accurate staging of breast cancer is fundamental for guiding treatment decisions and predicting patient outcomes. However, there can be considerable variation in routine clinical practice based on individual interpretation of guidelines and depending on the healthcare provider initially involved in working up patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer, ranging from primary care providers, triage nurses, surgeons, and/or oncologists. The optimal approach for clinical staging, particularly in asymptomatic patients presenting with intermediate-risk disease, remains a topic of dialogue among clinicians.

Update on Practical Management of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Report from the Ontario Forum.

Therapeutic strategies for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are advancing, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies making their way into neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. With recent advances, there was a need for multidisciplinary lung cancer healthcare providers from across Ontario to convene and review recent data from practical and implementation standpoints. The focus was on the following questions: (1) To what extent do patient (e.

Guidance for Canadian Breast Cancer Practice: National Consensus Recommendations for the Systemic Treatment of Patients with HER2+ Breast Cancer in Both the Early and Metastatic Setting.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a poor prognosis when sub-optimally treated. Recent advances include new and effective targeted therapies that have significantly improved outcomes for patients. Despite these advances, there are significant gaps across Canada, underscoring the need for evidence-based consensus guidance to inform treatment decisions.