Antibiofilm activity of ultrasonic and diode laser activated sodium hypochlorite, chitosan, and chlorhexidine: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of ultrasonic and diode laser-activated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chitosan, and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the removal of biofilm adherent to the root canal using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Materials And Methods: Root canals in 112 single-rooted teeth were instrumented using a rotary Ni-Ti system. Biofilms of were generated based on an established protocol.

Effectiveness of mouthrinses in prevention and treatment of radiation induced mucositis: A systematic review.

Mucositis is a frequent, severe consequence of radiation therapy among patients undergoing radiotherapy for the head-and-neck cancer, often requiring hospitalization and even breaks or discontinuity in treatment. Mouth rinsing with various agents has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced mucositis (OM), but evidence for the same is lacking. This systematic review is therefore conducted with the aim of assessing the evidence for the effectiveness of mouthrinses in prevention and treatment of OM.

Missing teeth after maxillofacial trauma: a case report and management protocol.

Management of maxillofacial trauma includes primary care, in which diagnosis and management of dentoalveolar injury play a vital role. Due to the impact sustained during a maxillofacial injury (whether direct or indirect), dentoalveolar injuries can occur, leading to fracture and displacement of teeth and associated alveolar bone into the surrounding soft tissues and associated structures, such as the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract, tracheobronchial tree, or gastrointestinal tract. Undiagnosed displaced teeth may cause complications such as airway obstruction.

Variations in the retromandibular approach to the condyle-transparotid versus anteroparotid transmasseteric - a prospective clinical comparative study.

Background: The management of mandibular condylar fracture remains controversial many surgeons still favour the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) which provides good result and immediate functioning as compared to closed reduction. With proven consensus for ORIF, dilemma remains in choosing the surgical approach to condyle due to proximity of complex and important anatomic structure. Various extra-oral surgical approaches are available for ORIF including preauricular, submandibular, retromandibular, transmasseteric anteroparotid etc.

Clinical evaluation of submental intubation as an alternative airway management technique in midface osteotomy.

Background: The conventional endonasal intubation would not allow precise intra-operative assessment of the changes to the nasolabial soft tissue complex. Submental intubation allows accurate measurement of nasolabial soft tissue complex with no interference with the occlusion.

Methodology: A clinical prospective study was carried on 20 patients visiting the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department diagnosed of dentofacial deformity requiring orthognathic surgery.

Flapless closure of oro-antral communication with PRF membrane and composite of PRF and collagen - a technical note.

The incidence of oro-antral communication during removal of maxillary posterior teeth, especially the molars is quite common in general dental practice. The diagnosis and surgical management of oro-antral communication requires the surgical skills including the flap techniques. Here we present the novel technique of immediate closure of oro-antral communication using the PRF in the form of membrane and mixture of PRF and collagen, which is, sandwiched between the PRF membranes for effective management of oro-antral communications which does not require higher surgical skills.

Orofacial injuries and use of protective wear among field hockey players of Coorg District, Karnataka, India - A KAP Study.

Introduction: Traumatic orofacial injuries are frequent among hockey players, often causing aesthetic, functional, psychological, and economic problems. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and distribution of orofacial injuries and to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices toward the use of protective wear as perceived among hockey players of Coorg district.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 281 field hockey players of Coorg district, Karnataka, India.

High risk human papillomavirus in the periodontium : A case control study.

Background: Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that have been identified in periodontal pocket as well as gingival sulcus. High risk HPVs are also associated with a subset of head and neck carcinomas. It is thought that the periodontium could be a reservoir for HPV.

Assessment of oral health parameters among students attending special schools of Mangalore city.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs and correlation between dental caries susceptibility and salivary pH, buffering capacity and total antioxidant capacity among students attending special schools of Mangalore city.

Materials And Methods: In this study 361 subjects in the age range of 12-18 years were divided into normal ( = 84), physically challenged ( = 68), and mentally challenged ( = 209) groups. Their oral health status and treatment needs were recorded using the modified WHO oral health assessment proforma.

Comparison of efficacy of three chemotherapeutic agents on count in plaque and saliva: A randomized controlled triple blind study.

Background: There is a need for exploration of the role of chemotherapeutic agents and its role in the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) and its recurrence.

Aim: The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in the prevention of ECC in comparison with a control and (2) To ascertain the role of chemotherapeutic agents in the prevention of ECC.

Materials And Methods: Sixty children with ECC in the age group 3-6 years were randomly allocated into four groups.

Status of Serum and Salivary Levels of Superoxide Dismutase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Oral Manifestations: A Case Control Study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a very well known metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress increases in Diabetes Mellitus because of the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and an impaired antioxidant defence mechanism. This study estimated, compared and correlated the serum and salivary Superoxide dismutase levels in healthy subjects and subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus having oral manifestations.

Sex determination using discriminant function analysis in Indigenous (Kurubas) children and adolescents of Coorg, Karnataka, India: A lateral cephalometric study.

To test the validity of sex discrimination using lateral cephalometric radiograph and discriminant function analysis in Indigenous (Kuruba) children and adolescents of Coorg, Karnataka, India. Six hundred and sixteen lateral cephalograms of 380 male and 236 females of age ranging from 6.5 to 18 years of Indigenous population of Coorg, Karnataka, India called Kurubas having a normal occlusion were included in the study.

A new approach to exfoliative cytology: A comparative cytomorphometric study.

Context: Early detection of oral premalignancy and malignancy using simple screening aids play a promising role in curbing the disease.

Aim: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate and the secondary aim of this study is to compare the cytomorphometry and cellular atypia in keratinocytes obtained from oral rinse and conventional exfoliative cytology in normal oral mucosa and clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised of 55 clinically diagnosed cases of leukoplakia and 55 age and sex matched normal controls.

Periodontal pocket as a potential reservoir of high risk human papilloma virus: A pilot study.

Aim: Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that have been identified in periodontal pocket as well as gingival sulcus. High risk HPVs are also associated with a subset of head and neck carcinomas. HPV detection in periodontium has previously involved DNA detection.

Assessment of oral health status among endosulfan victims in endosulfan relief and remediation cell - A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Endosulfan is a highly toxic agrichemical used in the cashew plantations. The Stockholm Convention held in April 2011 recommended a global ban on the manufacture and use of endosulfan because of its adverse effects on human health and the environment. Its impact on the quality of food, water, and beverages; and its ability to cause neurobehavioral disorders, congenital malformations in female subjects, and abnormalities related to the male reproductive system are studied, but however information regarding the oral health of endosulfan victims is scant.

Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) of dental root canal system - An ex-vivo study.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of photo activated disinfection (PAD) in reducing colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in infected dental root canals. The study compared the efficacy of PAD with conventional endodontic treatment (CET) and also a combination of CET along with PAD.

Prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in fisherman from Kutch coast, Gujarat, India.

Background: In health terms, consuming fluoride is well recognised to be a double-edged sword. Consumption of optimal amounts is beneficial to health, however an excess constitutes a health hazard.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in fishermen from the Kutch coast, Gujarat, India.

Improving Oral Hygiene in Institutionalised Elderly by Educating Their Caretakers in Bangalore City, India: a Randomised Control Trial.

Background: The population of older people, as well as the number of dependent older people, is steadily increasing; those unable to live independently at home are being cared for in a range of settings. Practical training for nurses and auxiliary care staff has frequently been recommended as a way of improving oral health care for functionally dependent elderly. The aim was improve oral hygiene in institutionalized elderly in Bangalore city by educating their caregivers.

Interforaminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview.

Implant surgery in mandibular anterior region may turn from an easy minor surgery into a complicated one for the surgeon, due to inadequate knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical area and/or ignorance toward the required surgical protocol. Hence, the purpose of this article is to present an overview on the: (a) Incidence of massive bleeding and its consequences after implant placement in mandibular anterior region. (b) Its etiology, the precautionary measures to be taken to avoid such an incidence in clinical practice and management of such a hemorrhage if at all happens.

A Simple Technique to Fabricate a Facial Moulage with a Prefabricated Acrylic Stock Tray: A Clinical Innovation.

An accurate facial moulage helps in understanding the orientation and proper position of the facial prosthesis relative to other facial landmarks even in the absence of the patient. To make impression for fabricating facial moulage previously described techniques in literature made use of elastomeric impression material, alginate, and dental plaster directly over the patient's face to obtain the moulage which have their own disadvantages. Taking these into consideration a novel clinical technique is described herein to fabricate an acrylic stock tray for making accurate impression and to support the impression material while setting and pouring.

Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India - a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background/introduction: For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.

Objective: To assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India.

Antimicrobial effects of citrus sinensis peel extracts against periodontopathic bacteria: an in vitro study.

Background: Use of plant extracts and phytochemicals with known antimicrobial properties may have great significance in therapeutic treatments.

Objective: To assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for periodontal pathogens.

Materials And Methods: Aqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, using agar well diffusion method.

Oral rinse-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology: a comparative study.

Context: Simple screening test for resource-challenged areas.

Aims: To compare specimen adequacy and diagnostic agreement between oral rinse-based smears and conventional smears in oral cancer, oral leukoplakia, and normal controls.

Settings And Design: Twenty-five histologically confirmed cases of oral cancer, 29 clinically diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia, and 54 normal controls were subjected to the oral rub-and-rinse technique and the conventional exfoliative cytology.

Comparative evaluation of oxygen saturation during periodontal surgery with or without oral conscious sedation in anxious patients.

Context: Stress and anxiety during dental procedure can alter respiratory rate and thereby alter oxygen saturation in the blood, leading to emergencies like syncope. It can be prevented by preoperative intravenous sedation. However, it can lead to respiratory depression.