101 results match your criteria: "K.R.L.; Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery[Affiliation]"

Early Recurrence and Cerebral Bleeding in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Anticoagulation and Its Timing: The RAF Study.

Stroke

August 2015

From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M.P., G.A., N.F., V.C., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D'A., M.G.M., V.B., I.S.); Neurologia d'urgenza e Stroke Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy (S. Marcheselli); Abteilung für Neurologie, Oberschwabenklinik gGmbH, Ravensburg, Germany (C.R.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University "Health and Wealth" of Brescia, Italy (A. Pezzini, L.P., A. Padovani); Stroke Unit, University of Debrecen, Hungary (L.C., L.S.); Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea (S.-I.S.); Stroke Unit-Department of Neurology, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T. Tassinari); Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.); Centre Cérébrovasculaire, Service de Neurologie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques Centre Hopitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., M. Cordier, S.R.); Department of Neurology, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (P.V.); Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Department, University of Parma, Italy (U.S.); Stroke Unit, Dipartimento Geriatrico Riabilitativo, University of Parma, Italy (L.D.); Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (G.O., A. Chiti, G.G.); SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R.); Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.P., T. Tatlisumak); Department of Internal Medicine, Cecina Hospital, Cecina, Livorno, Italy (L.M., G.L.); Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F. Guideri, G. Martini); Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece (G.T., K.V.); International Clinic Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the timing of anticoagulation therapy in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke and atrial fibrillation, focusing on risks for recurrent ischemic events and severe bleeding.
  • Out of 1029 patients, 12.6% experienced adverse events within 90 days, with factors like CHA2DS2-VASc score and type of anticoagulant affecting outcomes.
  • Starting anticoagulants 4 to 14 days after stroke onset is linked to a significant reduction in complications compared to starting before 4 days or after 14 days.
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Produced by Sphingosine Kinase 2 Intrinsically Controls Platelet Aggregation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Circ Res

July 2015

From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München (N.U., F.G., M.-L.v.B., S.C., F.R., M.O., V.B., J.B., I.S., M.L., K.R.L., S.M.), Department of Applied Physics, Center for NanoSciences (K.R.L.), and Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.M.y.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (N.U., F.G., M.-L.v.B., S.C., F.R., M.O., J.B., I.S., M.L., M.M.y.S., S.M.); Heart Failure Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.Z.); Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (A.H.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.P.); and Preclinical Safety (D.L., E.P.), and Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (C.B., A.B., T.B.), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.

Rationale: Platelets are known to play a crucial role in hemostasis. Sphingosine kinases (Sphk) 1 and 2 catalyze the conversion of sphingosine to the bioactive metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Although platelets are able to secrete S1P on activation, little is known about a potential intrinsic effect of S1P on platelet function.

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State of acute endovascular therapy: report from the 12th thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and acute stroke therapy conference.

Stroke

June 2015

From the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (P.K., J.B.), Department of Radiology (T.A.T.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (W.H.), Department of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.F.), Department of Neurology (G.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Comprehensive Stroke Center (J.L.S.), Department of Neurology (J.L.S., D.S.L.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C., S.D.), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (G.D.), Department of Radiology (P.M.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy (A.C.); Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (D.D.); Departent of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Departments of Neurology and Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson (C.S.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.C.O.M.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY (J.M.); Institute of Neurological Sciences (K.M.), Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (R.F.), Cerebrovascular Medicine, European Stroke Organization (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center/Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, NY (D.F.); Department of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.D.); Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University of Lorraine, Nancy

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Trends in Door-to-Thrombolysis Time in the Safe Implementation of Stroke Thrombolysis Registry: Effect of Center Volume and Duration of Registry Membership.

Stroke

May 2015

From the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (D.S., T.T.); Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.A., N.W.); Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Emergency Department Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.T.); University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom (C.R.); and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland (I.L.S.).

Background And Purpose: Shorter delays between symptom onset and treatment translate into better outcomes after ischemic stroke thrombolysis. There are considerable intercenter variations in treatment delivery. We analyzed the trends of door-to-needle times (DNTs) in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke registry between 2003 and 2011.

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Risk of Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) Trials.

Circulation

April 2015

From Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., A.-C.P., R.L.F., P.S.J., K.R.L., J.J.V.M.); IRCCS-RL: Istituto Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (R.L.); Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S Maria Imbaro, Italy (G.T.); Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden (J.W.); Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (J.K.); University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.); ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy (A.P.M.); and Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research - E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy (L.T.).

Background: Our aim was to describe the incidence and predictors of stroke in patients who have heart failure without atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods And Results: We pooled 2 contemporary heart failure trials, the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Insufficienza cardiaca-Heart Failure trial (GISSI-HF). Of the 9585 total patients, 6054 did not have AF.

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Organizational update: European stroke organisation.

Stroke

March 2015

From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Gardiner Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); and Neurology Service, Stroke Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.).

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Critical role of platelet glycoprotein ibα in arterial remodeling.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol

March 2015

From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Department of Cardiology (S.C., M.-L.v.B., K.S., I.K., S.F., R.C., F.G., K.R.L., M.L., A.T., C.S., S.M.), Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (S.C., M.-L.v.B., J.-I.P., K.S., E.K., I.K., S.F., R.C., F.G., O.C., K.R.L., M.L., S.R., A.C.-M., A.T., L.P., C.S., E.D., S.M.), Department of Anaesthesiology (J.-I.P.), Department of Applied Physics (K.R.L.), and Institute of Pathology (G.A., J.M.-H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (S.C., M.-L.v.B., K.S., I.K., S.F., R.C., F.G., K.R.L., M.L., A.T., C.S., S.M); Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (S.F.); Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom (R.S.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock (J.W.); Rudolf Virchow Center and DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.N.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Giessen, Germany (W.S.).

Article Synopsis
  • The study looked at how platelets help recruit white blood cells to build new blood vessels, which is important for healing.
  • Researchers used special mice and imaging techniques to see how platelets interact with these cells in real-time.
  • They found that a specific platelet protein called GPIbα is essential for this process, and without it, white blood cells can’t attach well, making healing harder.
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National institutes of health stroke scale item profiles as predictor of patient outcome: external validation on independent trial data.

Stroke

February 2015

From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., R.L.F., K.R.L.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, OH (H.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (D.K., P.K., J.P.B.).

Background And Purpose: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) item profiles that were recently proposed may prove useful both clinically and for research studies. We aimed to validate the NIHSS item profiles in an acute cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on pooled data from randomized clinical trials.

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Targeted antioxidant treatment decreases cardiac alternans associated with chronic myocardial infarction.

Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol

February 2015

From The Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus (B.N.P., H.L., X.W., I.D., K.R.L.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N.P., I.D., K.R.L.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

Background: In myocardial infarction (MI), repolarization alternans is a potent arrhythmia substrate that has been linked to Ca2+ cycling proteins, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a), located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. MI is also associated with oxidative stress and increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum that may reduce SERCA2a function. We hypothesize that in chronic MI, XO-mediated oxidation of SERCA2a is a mechanism of cardiac alternans.

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Feasibility platform for stroke studies: an online tool to improve eligibility criteria for clinical trials.

Stroke

January 2015

From the Department of Neurology (J. Minnerup, M.H., R.D., M. Schilling), Institute of Medical Informatics (B.T., M. Storck, S.W.), Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (H.W.), University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.); Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (K.T.L., A.B.-M., J. Meisterernst, H.P.M.); and Department of Neurology, Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany (W.-R.S.).

Background And Purpose: Eligibility criteria are a key factor for the feasibility and validity of clinical trials. We aimed to develop an online tool to assess the potential effect of inclusion and exclusion criteria on the proportion of patients eligible for an acute stroke trial.

Methods: We identified relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria of acute stroke trials.

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Transcranial laser therapy in acute stroke treatment: results of neurothera effectiveness and safety trial 3, a phase III clinical end point device trial.

Stroke

November 2014

From the Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (W.H.); Department of Neurology, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Minden, Germany (P.D.S.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenski University Hospital Östra, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden (B.L.D.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary and Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.F., K.R.L.); Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.S.); Banyan Biomarkers, San Diego, CA (S.P.R.); Allergen Research Cooperation, San Mateo, CA (S.G.D.); and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.Z.).

Background And Purpose: On the basis of phase II trials, we considered that transcranial laser therapy could have neuroprotective effects in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: We studied transcranial laser therapy in a double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial intended to enroll 1000 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated ≤24 hours after stroke onset and who did not undergo thrombolytic therapy. The primary efficacy measure was the 90-day functional outcome as assessed by the modified Rankin Scale, with hierarchical Bayesian analysis incorporating relevant previous data.

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Report from the European Stroke Organization 2014.

Stroke

September 2014

From the Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria (M.B.); University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.).

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Characteristic adverse events and their incidence among patients participating in acute ischemic stroke trials.

Stroke

September 2014

From the Medical School (K.H.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (R.L.F., A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Background And Purpose: Adverse events (AE) in trial populations present a major burden to researchers and patients, yet most events are unrelated to investigational treatment. We aimed to develop a coherent list of expected AEs, whose incidence can be predicted by patient characteristics that will inform future trials and perhaps general poststroke care.

Methods: We analyzed raw AE data from patients participating in acute ischemic stroke trials.

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Predictive value of newly detected atrial fibrillation paroxysms in patients with acute ischemic stroke, for atrial fibrillation after 90 days.

Stroke

July 2014

From the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.H., J.D., P.W.M., K.M., P.L., K.R.L.), Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary (P.H., J.D., K.M., K.R.L.), Glasgow Royal Infirmary (P.W.M., P.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Background And Purpose: Extended cardiac monitoring immediately after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) increases paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) detection, but its reliability for detection or exclusion of longer term paroxysmal PAF is unknown. We evaluated the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of AF detection early after AIS, for PAF confirmation 90 days later.

Methods: We investigated 49 patients within 7 days of AIS for PAF according to current guidelines; 23 patients received 7 days of additional noninvasive cardiac event monitoring with an R-test device early after their stroke (ISRCTN 97412358).

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Second European Stroke Science Workshop.

Stroke

July 2014

From the Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (H.P.M.); Department for Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria (M.B.); Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.C.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (M.D.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Lille University Hospital, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France (D.L.); and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.).

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Is more better? Using metadata to explore dose-response relationships in stroke rehabilitation.

Stroke

July 2014

From the School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL (K.R.L.); School of Kinesiology (K.R.L.) and Department of Physical Therapy (L.A.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Program in Physical Therapy, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO (C.E.L.).

Background And Purpose: Neurophysiological models of rehabilitation and recovery suggest that a large volume of specific practice is required to induce the neuroplastic changes that underlie behavioral recovery. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between time scheduled for therapy and improvement in motor therapy for adults after stroke by (1) comparing high doses to low doses and (2) using metaregression to quantify the dose-response relationship further.

Methods: Databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials that were not dosage matched for total time scheduled for therapy.

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Phase I/II study of erlotinib and temsirolimus for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: North American Brain Tumor Consortium trial 04-02.

Neuro Oncol

April 2014

Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., A.D.N., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.M.C., K.R.L., M.D.P.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin (H.I.R., M.P.M.); Neurooncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G., M.D.G., W.K.A.Y., K.D.A.); Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S., A.H.L.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S., A.H.L., K.L.L.); Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (J.D.*, J.J.W.).

Background: Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) may have synergistic antitumor effects in high-grade glioma patients.

Methods: We conducted a phase I/II study of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (150 mg/day) and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus. Patients initially received temsirolimus 50 mg weekly, and the dose adjusted based on toxicities.

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Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stroke

February 2014

From the Stroke and Vascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (A.K., P.J.T., C.J.S.) and Centre for Biostatistics (A.V.), University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (A.K., A.M., P.J.T., C.J.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom (J.D., K.R.L.).

Background And Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers a high risk of recurrent stroke, although detection methods and definitions of paroxysmal AF during screening vary. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the frequency of newly detected AF using noninvasive or invasive cardiac monitoring after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods: Prospective observational studies or randomized controlled trials of patients with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or both, who underwent any cardiac monitoring for a minimum of 12 hours, were included after electronic searches of multiple databases.

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Effect size measures and their relationships in stroke studies.

Stroke

February 2014

From the idv-Data Analysis and Study Planning, Konrad-Zuse-Bogen, Krailling, Germany (V.W.R., H.Z.); and Acute Stroke Unit and Cerebrovascular Clinic, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary and Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L).

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Robotic measurement of arm movements after stroke establishes biomarkers of motor recovery.

Stroke

January 2014

From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (H.I.K., L.D.); Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ (M.K., A.D.B.); Covance, Princeton, NJ (D.K.A., E.Y.); Biogen-Idec, Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, MA (J.C.C.); GSL Statistical Consulting, Ardmore, PA (G.S.L.); BVBA Bioconstat, Gent, Oostakker, Belgium (G.B.); The Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY (A.R.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.M.A., K.H., K.R.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.H.); and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (B.T.V.).

Background And Purpose: Because robotic devices record the kinematics and kinetics of human movements with high resolution, we hypothesized that robotic measures collected longitudinally in patients after stroke would bear a significant relationship to standard clinical outcome measures and, therefore, might provide superior biomarkers.

Methods: In patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke, we used clinical scales and robotic devices to measure arm movement 7, 14, 21, 30, and 90 days after the event at 2 clinical sites. The robots are interactive devices that measure speed, position, and force so that calculated kinematic and kinetic parameters could be compared with clinical assessments.

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Video games and rehabilitation: using design principles to enhance engagement in physical therapy.

J Neurol Phys Ther

December 2013

School of Kinesiology (K.R.L., N.J.H.) and Departments of Biomedical Engineering (N.S., H.F.M.V.d.L.) and Electrical and Computer Engineering (A.V.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Patient nonadherence with therapy is a major barrier to rehabilitation. Recovery is often limited and requires prolonged, intensive rehabilitation that is time-consuming, expensive, and difficult. We review evidence for the potential use of video games in rehabilitation with respect to the behavioral, physiological, and motivational effects of gameplay.

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Improving the efficiency of stroke trials: feasibility and efficacy of group adjudication of functional end points.

Stroke

December 2013

From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S.M., T.J.Q., P.H., P.L., M.R.W., J.D., K.R.L.) and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (P.C.D.J.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; and MRC Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, United Kingdom (C.J.W.).

Background And Purpose: Use of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in multicenter trials may be limited by interobserver variability. We assessed the effect of this on trial power and developed a novel group adjudication approach.

Methods: We generated power and sample size estimates from simulated trials modeled with varying mRS reliability.

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We demonstrated that upregulation of both gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress chaperones (BiP, calnexin, calreticulin, and PDI) and ER stress sensors (ATF6, IRE1 and PERK) was induced by lidocaine, a local anesthetic, in PC12 cells. In addition to gene regulation, lidocaine also induced typical ER stress phenomena such as ART6 proteolytic cleavage, eIF2 alpha phosphorylation, and XBP1 mRNA splicing. In in vivo experiments, while lidocaine downregulated gene expression of antiapoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), pro-apoptotic factor (Bak and Bax) gene expression was upregulated.

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S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) is a signalling molecule involved in a host of cellular and physiological functions, most notably cell survival and migration. S1P, which signals via a set of five G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5), is formed by the action of two SphKs (sphingosine kinases) from Sph (sphingosine). Interfering RNA strategies and SphK1 (sphingosine kinase type 1)-null (Sphk1-/-) mouse studies implicate SphK1 in multiple signalling cascades, yet there is a paucity of potent and selective SphK1 inhibitors necessary to evaluate the effects of rapid onset inhibition of this enzyme.

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Background: Total or partial penile amputation is an effective treatment for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. The authors evaluated the relation between paraffin section microscopic pathologic margins and local recurrence.

Methods: Seventeen cases of biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the penis treated with partial or total penectomy were reviewed retrospectively.

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