Neural Circuitry: Architecture and Function-A Fiber Dissection Study.

Objective: White fiber dissection using a gyrus-based approach was performed to study the various associations, commissural, and projection fiber bundles of the brain.

Methods: Ten previously frozen and formalin-fixed cadaveric human brains were included. The fiber dissection techniques described by Klingler were used.

Cervical Fusion as a Protective Response to Craniovertebral Junction Instability: A Novel Concept.

The author reviews the various types of cervical fusion that are associated with instability of the craniovertebral junction. Assimilation of the atlas, C2-3 fusion, the Klippel-Feil abnormality, and pancervical fusion are amongst the more common types of bone abnormalities. It is conceptualised that these types of cervical fusion are not related to any kind of embryological dysgenesis or fault, but instead emerge due to longstanding muscle spasms of the neck in response to atlantoaxial instability.

Facetal Fixation Arthrodesis as Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy.

Objective: We assessed the efficacy of "only fixation" as treatment for cervical radiculopathy.

Methods: From 2012 to December 2017, 21 patients who had presented with primary symptoms related to cervical radiculopathy, including radiating pain, tingling paresthesia, numbness, weakness, and wasting were treated by facetal stabilization surgery aimed at achieving segmental arthrodesis. No decompression by removal of bone, disc material, or osteophyte was performed.

Central or Axial Atlantoaxial Dislocation as a Cause of Cervical Myelopathy: A Report of Outcome of 5 Cases Treated by Atlantoaxial Stabilization.

Objective: The implications of diagnosis and treatment of central or axial atlantoaxial dislocation (CAAD) as a cause of symptoms of cervical myelopathy are evaluated.

Methods: This is a report of a series of 5 patients who presented with the primary symptoms of spasticity and motor weakness and paresthesias in all the limbs. There was no evidence of any significant compression of the dural tube or neural structures at the craniovertebral junction.

Voice Quality Affection as a Symptom of Chiari Formation.

Objective: Voice alteration as a presenting symptom in cases with Chiari formation is analyzed, as well as outcome after atlantoaxial fixation.

Methods: During the period January 2016 to June 2017, 25 cases of Chiari formation presented with associated or a major presenting symptom of voice or speech quality alteration related to inadequate breathing efforts. All patients underwent atlantoaxial fixation.

Olfactory groove meningiomas: An analysis based on surgical experience with 129 cases.

Objective: The surgical strategy and outcome for 129 patients operated for an olfactory groove meningioma is retrospectively analyzed.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty nine patients with an olfactory groove meningioma operated between the years 1987 and 2016 were analyzed on the basis of clinical and radiological factors that appeared to affect the conduct of surgery and its outcome. Each factor was given points, and the points were added to obtain a score.

Atlantoaxial Fixation for Odontoid Fracture: Analysis of 124 Surgically Treated Cases.

Objective: The authors analyze 124 cases with fracture of odontoid process. All patients were surgically treated by posterior atlantoaxial fixation.

Methods: There were 96 male and 28 female patients.

Atlantoaxial instability associated with pan cervical vertebral fusion: Report on management of 4 cases.

We report a series of four patients aged 4, 5, 14, and 27 years (1 male and 3 female patients) with severe shortening of the neck and torticollis since early childhood who presented with complaint of pain in the nape of neck as the primary symptom. All four patients had relatively well preserved neurological functions. One patient had vertical mobile and reducible atlantoaxial dislocation, and 3 patients had anteroposterior mobile and reducible dislocation.

Atlantoaxial Fixation for Chiari 1 Formation in Pediatric Age-Group Patients: Report of Treatment in 33 Patients.

Objective: The role of atlantoaxial instability in the pathogenesis of Chiari 1 formation (Chiari formation) in pediatric age-group patients is evaluated.

Material And Methods: During the period of January 2010 to June 2017, 33 pediatric patients having Chiari formation were treated with atlantoaxial fixation. Twenty-four patients had basilar invagination, and 9 patients had no bone abnormality at the craniovertebral junction.

Pial Arteriovenous Fistula: A Brief Review and Report of 14 Surgically Treated Cases.

Objective: The authors report their successful experience of treating 14 cases of pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) by direct surgery.

Methods: During the period January 2010 to April 2017, 14 patients with PAVF were treated by surgery. Only those patients were selected who had a single arterial feeding channel.

Subtemporal "Interdural" Surgical Approach for "Giant" Facial Nerve Neurinomas.

Objective: The management issues of 15 cases of giant and dumbbell-shaped facial neurinomas that extended both in the middle and posterior cranial fossa are reported.

Material And Methods: During the period 2002 to June 2017, we surgically treated 15 cases of giant and dumbbell shaped facial neurinomas: 10 males and 5 females ranging from 17-59 years (average 34.2 years).

Three-dimensional model printing for surgery on arteriovenous malformations.

Aim: Surgery for intracranial complex vascular malformations can be quite exigent and involves considerable preoperative planning. Here, we present the advantages of using three-dimensional (3D) printed models as a preoperative investigational modality.

Material And Methods: 3D printed models were made from thin-slice computed tomography (CT) angiography scans of 6 patients with arteriovenous malformations over an18-month period from August 2015 to December 2016.

Corpus callosal lipoma extending as nasal encephalocoel/cranial lipomeningocoel.

A hitherto unreported case is presented wherein a 2year old child had a 'cranial lipomeningocoel' or a 'nasal lipo-encephalocoel'. The child presented with a growing mass in the base of the nose. Investigations revealed that the nasal mass was a lipoma that was an extension of intracranial lipoma.

Multilevel Spinal Segmental Fixation for Kyphotic Cervical Spinal Deformity in Pediatric Age Group-Report of Management in 2 Cases.

Objective: We discuss the role of instability of multiple spinal segments including the atlantoaxial joint in the pathogenesis of cervical kyphotic deformity.

Material And Methods: Two male patients (5 and 17 years old) had severe cervical kyphosis and presented with symptoms related to myelopathy. The patients underwent multisegmental spinal distraction and fixation that included atlantoaxial joint.

Role of Atlantoaxial and Subaxial Spinal Instability in Pathogenesis of Spinal "Degeneration"-Related Cervical Kyphosis.

Backgrounds: The role of subaxial and atlantoaxial instability in the pathogenesis of "degeneration"-related cervical kyphosis is evaluated.

Material And Methods: During the period 2013-2016, the authors treated 21 patients having cervical kyphosis that was related to degenerative spinal disease. The patients presented with symptoms related to cervical myelopathy.

Treatment of "idiopathic" syrinx by atlantoaxial fixation: Report of an experience with nine cases.

Objective: The authors evaluate the significance of atlantoaxial instability in the management of idiopathic syringomyelia.

Background: We recently observed that atlantoaxial dislocation can be present even when the atlantodental interval was within normal range. Atlantoaxial instability can be identified on the basis of facetal mal-alignment or even by direct observation of status of joint during surgery.

Atlantoaxial Fixation for Basilar Invagination without Obvious Atlantoaxial Instability (Group B Basilar Invagination): Outcome Analysis of 63 Surgically Treated Cases.

Background: We discuss the rationale of surgical treatment of group B basilar invagination by atlantoaxial facet joint stabilization and segmental arthrodesis.

Methods: From January 2010 to April 2016, 63 patients with group B basilar invagination were surgically treated. All patients had varying degree of myelopathy-related functional disability.