[Not Available].

This review evaluates the evidence for the use of over-the-scope clips (OTSC), topical haemostatic agents (THA), and prophylactic embolisation (PE) in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). The use of OTSC and THA may have the potential to increase the rate of endoscopic haemostasis in PUB not responding to conventional endoscopic treatment. In patients at high risk of recurrent bleeding, the performance of PE after achieving endoscopic haemostasis can reduce the risk of rebleeding and the need for surgery.

[Not Available].

This review investigates that, in 2023, fatty liver disease underwent a name change to "steatotic liver disease" (SLD). SLD now includes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). The renaming aims to better incorporate alcohol intake and metabolic risk factors into disease classification and to diminish the stigma associated with the previous nomenclature.

[Not Available].

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) decreases the risk for HIV transmission in high-risk populations. PrEP has been available in Denmark since 2019 and consists of antiretroviral drugs in a combination tablet taken daily or on demand. The effect of this prophylaxis in Denmark is summarized in the review.

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Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent pivotal phase 3 trials involving treatments like interleukin-23-, sphingosin-1-phosphate- and Janus kinase inhibitors have demonstrated notable effectiveness. However, they have also unveiled significant side effects such as herpes zoster, lymphopenia and bradycardia.

[Not Available].

Leishmaniasis is transmitted by sandflies and involves cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral disease. Sporadic, imported cases in Denmark emphasize the need for greater awareness. The incidence is stable with at least ten verified cases per year.

[Not Available].

The primary purpose of treating chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is to prevent the development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. In the last decade, direct-acting antiviral medicine (DAA) has been approved to treat children with HCV. This treatment has a higher efficacy, shorter duration, and milder side effects than the previously approved treatment.

[Not Available].

Intraarticular treatment of osteoarthritis with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown promising results and is being increasingly implemented in the clinic. Autologous MSCs are the primary source of therapy but issues related to cell expansion, patient age, and acute therapies have opened a need for allogenic MSCs. Problematic immunological reactions such as pain, joint swelling, urticarial, and MSC destruction are, however, reported when using allogenic MSCs at the first to second treatment.

[Not Available].

Introduction For many Danes, Christmas is a traditional celebration linked with food, and Christmas dinner might be the most important dinner of the year. Whether the correct meal includes roast pork or roast duck is a deeply personal question. Methods We asked all patients who were admitted to the surgical gastrointestinal emergency clinics of the Capital Region in Denmark on Christmas Eve and Christmas Night what they have had for Christmas dinner.

[Not Available].

This review describes the current evidence regarding the putative indications of letrozole (LTZ) in fertility treatment. Prior to intrauterine insemination, LTZ is recommended in women with normogonadotrophic oligo-anovulation. In ovulatory women, LTZ is equal to clomiphene and may be used instead of exogenous gonadotrophin.

[Not Available].

Anal incontinence affects more than 7% of the population, but it is likely to be underreported due to its sensitive nature. This review summarises the current knowledge of managing this condition. Initial diagnosis and evaluation of anal incontinence, as well as basic conservative treatment, can be managed in primary care.

[Not Available].

Cancer is a cause of high morbidity and mortality. It is not uncommon for a patient to have more than one primary tumour. This review summarises the knowledge of collision tumours which are defined as two adjacent neoplasms in the same organ, while a collision metastasis is the rare occurrence of two different primary cancers metastasising to the same anatomical site.

[Not Available].

Littoral cell angioma is a benign vascular tumour of the spleen, and malign transformation is seldom. The angioma is associated with a high risk of simultaneous occurrence of other primary cancers, and it is of utmost importance to perform extensive diagnostic investigations to detect other cancers. Definitive treatment of littoral cell angioma is surgical resection of the spleen.

[Not Available].

A 36-year-old woman received isotretinoin treatment for acne and shortly after developed a silent thyroiditis. A 26-year-old woman likewise was treated with isotretinoin for acne and developed Graves' disease two and a half months after treatment. Both patients were without personal or familiar history of thyroid disease.

[Not Available].

Distal radius fractures in children are the most common fractures in children. There is no consensus on when and how to treat these fractures. This review summarises the present knowledge.

[Not Available].

Pes planovalgus (PV) in early childhood is a common physiological state, and usually resolves throughout childhood. Parental concern often leads to seeking medical advice. This review summarises the current knowledge of the different types of PV.

[Not Available].

Gastric antral vascular ectasia is characterized endoscopically by stripes of dilated blood vessels in the antrum. It is a well-known cause of gastrointestinal blood loss, anaemia, and recurrent need for blood transfusion. The treatment may be challenging, and an overview is given in this review.

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Introduction: The use of abbreviations in patient records in Danish hospitals is extensive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of abbreviations, how they affect the comprehension, and how much time was saved writing abbreviations.

Methods: The study consisted of four sub-studies.

[Christmas article: Goose breast caused by unusual circumstances].

This case report investigate a 61-year-old healthy man who, during a Christmas goose-shooting, got repeated punches on the right breast region, owing to a defective shotgun stock. The initial suggilations and haematomas disappeared in three weeks, but after three months a tender enlargement of the periareolar area developed. Mammography and sonography showed typical right gynaecomastia.

[Not Available].

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a potential complication associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Danish guidelines recommend ultrasound follow-up from gestational age (GA) 24+0 in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women who experience reduced fetal movements. This is a case report of severe IUGR (-51%) after maternal infection at GA 22+1 in a healthy unvaccinated 28-year-old woman.

[Not Available].

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a rare condition with acute onset of hip pain. TOH is self-limiting and often leads to complete remission of symptoms within 6-12 months. This case report presents a 44-year-old male diagnosed with TOH.