Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Priors for natural image statistics inform confidence in perceptual decisions.

Decision confidence plays a critical role in humans' ability to make adaptive decisions in a noisy perceptual world. Despite its importance, there is currently little consensus about the computations underlying confidence judgements in perceptual decisions. To better understand these mechanisms, we addressed the extent to which confidence is informed by a naturalistic prior distribution.

Modelling sensory attenuation as Bayesian causal inference across two datasets.

Introduction: To interact with the environment, it is crucial to distinguish between sensory information that is externally generated and inputs that are self-generated. The sensory consequences of one's own movements tend to induce attenuated behavioral- and neural responses compared to externally generated inputs. We propose a computational model of sensory attenuation (SA) based on Bayesian Causal Inference, where SA occurs when an internal cause for sensory information is inferred.

[A case of atopic dermatitis-the biopsychosocial view].

Background: Atopic dermatitis is perhaps the most comprehensively studied skin disease in psychosomatic medicine and psychoneuroimmunology. Its biopsychosocial conceptualization incorporates psychodynamic as well as behavioral and systemic considerations. At the same time, there is also extensive biological knowledge of the neuroendocrine-immune control of barrier and immune function, characterized through animal experiments and translational clinical studies.

Amino-substituted Azoxybenzenes as Potential Redox-Active Catholyte Materials.

Aryl diazenes, particularly azobenzenes (AB), represent a versatile class of compounds with significant historical and practical relevance, ranging from dyes to molecular machines, solar thermal and electrochemical storage. Their oxygen-substituted counterparts, azoxybenzenes (AOB), share structural similarities but have been less explored, especially in energy storage applications. This study investigates the redox properties of AOB, comparing them to AB, and evaluates their potential as redox-active materials for energy storage systems.

Decoding the rhythmic representation and communication of visual contents.

Rhythmic neural activity is considered essential for adaptively modulating responses in the visual system. In this opinion article we posit that visual brain rhythms also serve a key function in the representation and communication of visual contents. Collating a set of recent studies that used multivariate decoding methods on rhythmic brain signals, we highlight such rhythmic content representations in visual perception, imagery, and prediction.

[Quintessence of the new guidelines on physical training and fracture prophylaxis].

The guidelines on physiotherapy and exercise for osteoporosis from 2008 have recently been extensively revised on the basis of new scientific findings and possible applications. The S3 guidelines have not yet been approved by consensus and the planned completion date (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany, AWMF online, registry number 183-002) is autumn 2024. Based on the publication in Issue 3 Osteology (August 2023), key points of the guidelines on physical training and fracture prophylaxis are summarized in abridged form.

A two-level staging system for the embryonic morphogenesis of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata.

Comparative studies across multiple species provide valuable insights into the evolutionary diversification of developmental strategies. While the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has long been the primary insect model organism for understanding molecular genetics and embryonic development, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, also known as medfly, presents a promising complementary model for studying developmental biology. With its sequenced genome and a diverse array of molecular techniques, the medfly is well-equipped for study.

Field study on the suitability of oral fluid samples for monitoring of Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae by multiplex qPCR under field conditions.

Background: Monitoring or surveillance of infectious diseases is crucial in terms of herd health management of livestock. Investigations of oral fluids have become an animal friendly routine strategy to monitor respiratory pathogens in pigs. Less is known about the suitability of oral fluids for the detection of enteric pathogens in swine.

Quantitative comparison of a mobile, tablet-based eye-tracker and two stationary, video-based eye-trackers.

The analysis of eye movements is a noninvasive, reliable and fast method to detect and quantify brain (dys)function. Here, we investigated the performance of two novel eye-trackers-the Thomas Oculus Motus-research mobile (TOM-rm) and the TOM-research stationary (TOM-rs)-and compared them with the performance of a well-established video-based eye-tracker, i.e.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

DSIF factor Spt5 coordinates transcription, maturation and exoribonucleolysis of RNA polymerase II transcripts.

Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is processed into its functional form during RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. Although functional coupling between transcription and pre-mRNA processing is established, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We show that the key transcription termination factor, RNA exonuclease Xrn2 engages with Pol II forming a stable complex.

Corrigendum to "Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0986.].

Essential role of -encoded mature NS3 in the genome packaging of classical swine fever virus.

Unlabelled: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus within the family . The enveloped particles contain a plus-stranded RNA genome encoding a single large polyprotein. The processing of this polyprotein undergoes dynamic changes throughout the infection cycle.

Description of Cohnella rhizoplanae sp. nov., isolated from the root surface of soybean (Glycine max).

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JJ-181, was isolated from the root surface of soybean. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain JJ-181 was grouped into the genus Cohnella, most closely related to Cohnella hashimotonis F6_2S_P_1 (98.85%) and C.

Bound-State Beta Decay of ^{205}Tl^{81+} Ions and the LOREX Project.

Stable ^{205}Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos (ν_{e}) of E_{ν_{e}}≥50.6  keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores.

Nonlinear Optical Response of Tetrel-Modified Tetraphenyl-Adamantane Clusters.

The second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of adamantane-based tetraphenyl clusters are predicted from first principles and analyzed on the basis of the involved electronic transitions. In particular, the effect of a tetrel substitution in the cluster core on the nonlinear optical response is investigated. Electronic transitions spatially localized at the substituents are found to be responsible for the optical nonlinearities.

A computational model for angular velocity integration in a locust heading circuit.

Accurate navigation often requires the maintenance of a robust internal estimate of heading relative to external surroundings. We present a model for angular velocity integration in a desert locust heading circuit, applying concepts from early theoretical work on heading circuits in mammals to a novel biological context in insects. In contrast to similar models proposed for the fruit fly, this circuit model uses a single 360° heading direction representation and is updated by neuromodulatory angular velocity inputs.

Bortezomib-releasing silica-collagen xerogels for local treatment of osteolytic bone- and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma.

Background: Accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow causes lytic bone lesions in 80% of multiple myeloma patients. Frequently fracturing, they are challenging to treat surgically. Myeloma cells surviving treatment in the presumably protective environment of bone lesions impede their healing by continued impact on bone turnover and can explain regular progression of patients without detectable minimal residual disease (MRD).

Effectiveness of fissure sealants in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) - results from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the use, quality, and caries-preventive effects of fissure sealants (FSs) in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

Materials And Methods: A total of 5,418 children (2,692 males, 2,726 females) were examined via standard instruments (dental mirrors, CPI probes, adequate lighting, mobile examination tables, and air syringes) and methods for the recording of caries (DMFT index, WHO method) and FSs. The classification of MIH followed the recommendations of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD).

Golgi pH elevation due to loss of V-ATPase subunit V0a2 function correlates with tissue-specific glycosylation changes and globozoospermia.

Loss-of-function variants in ATP6V0A2, encoding the trans Golgi V-ATPase subunit V0a2, cause wrinkly skin syndrome (WSS), a connective tissue disorder with glycosylation defects and aberrant cortical neuron migration. We used knock-out (Atp6v0a2) and knock-in (Atp6v0a2) mice harboring the R755Q missense mutation selectively abolishing V0a2-mediated proton transport to investigate the WSS pathomechanism. Homozygous mutants from both strains displayed a reduction of growth, dermis thickness, and elastic fiber formation compatible with WSS.