Female reproductive tract-organ axes.

The female reproductive tract (FRT) and remote/versatile organs in the body share bidirectional communication. In this review, we discuss the framework of the "FRT-organ axes." Each axis, namely, the vagina-gut axis, uterus-gut axis, ovary-gut axis, vagina-bladder axis, vagina-oral axis, uterus-oral axis, vagina-brain axis, uterus-brain axis, and vagina-joint axis, is comprehensively discussed separately.

Factors associated with changes in the objectively measured physical activity among Japanese adults: A longitudinal and dynamic panel data analysis.

Factors associated with dynamic changes in the objectively measured physical activity have not been well understood. We aimed to 1) evaluate the longitudinal change in the physical activity trajectory according to sex which is associated with age and to 2) determine the factors associated with the dynamic change in physical activity-related variables across a wide age range among Japanese adults. This longitudinal prospective study included 689 Japanese adults (3914 measurements) aged 26-85 years, whose physical activity data in at least two surveys were available.

Correlation between the Biodistribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Organs and the Proviral Load in the Peripheral Blood during Early Stages of Experimentally Infected Cattle.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. However, the propagation and distribution of BLV after primary infection still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we experimentally infected seven cattle with BLV and analyzed the BLV proviral load (PVL) in the blood and various organs.

A Novel Single-Tube Eicosaplex/Octaplex PCR System for the Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases, and Integrons in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

We developed two multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases, gene, and integrase genes (, , and ) in class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in Gram-negative bacteria. We evaluated the PCRs using 109 Gram-negative isolates from non-organic (ANO) and organic (AO) vegetables and fruits. Screening of ANO substances identified five SHV, one TEM-1, one CTX-M, 20 AmpC-CS, and two positives.

Effectiveness and Components of Web-Based Interventions on Weight Changes in Adults Who Were Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.

Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increased need for remote implementation of weight-loss interventions; therefore, the effectiveness of web-based interventions needed to be assessed. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of web-based interventions and their potency in facilitating weight changes in adults who were overweight or obese.

Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D downregulation is a novel parameter for functional impairment of neutrophils in aged mice.

Immunological aging is a critical event that causes serious functional impairment in the innate immune system. However, the identification markers and parameters are still poorly understood in immunological aging of myeloid lineage cells. Here, we show that a downregulation of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly-6G) observed in aged mouse neutrophils could serve as a novel marker for the prediction of age-associated functional impairment in the neutrophils.

Visualization of clonal expansion after massive depletion of cells carrying the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) integration sites during the course of disease progression in a BLV naturally-infected cow: a case report.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle, integrates into host DNA as a provirus, and induces malignant B-cell lymphoma. Previous studies have addressed the impact of proviral integration of BLV on BLV-induced leukemogenesis. However, no studies have monitored sequential changes in integration sites in which naturally infected BLV individuals progress from the premalignant stage to the terminal disease.

Creatine supplementation enhances immunological function of neutrophils by increasing cellular adenosine triphosphate.

Creatine is an organic compound which is utilized in biological activities, especially for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the phosphocreatine system. This is a well-known biochemical reaction that is generally recognized as being mainly driven in specific parts of the body, such as the skeletal muscle and brain. However, our report shows a novel aspect of creatine utilization and ATP synthesis in innate immune cells.

Texture-Modified Diets Need to be Improved in Vietnamese Hospitals.

Purpose : The aim of this study is to compare the nutritional status of older adult inpatients consuming Texture-Modified Diets (TMD) to older adult inpatients consuming a regular diet. Methods : The study was designed as cross-sectional and was conducted in three large hospitals in northern Vietnam. The data for 344 older adult inpatients were collected in 2021 by dietitians.

Complete genome sequences of two clinical isolates from Egypt carrying on IncP and IncX4 plasmids.

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used in the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the activity and efficacy of colistin has been compromised by the worldwide spread of the mobile colistin resistance genes ( to ). In this study, two clinical strains, named CAI51, and CAI73, harbored , showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes (with colistin MIC = 4 μg/ml), and belonged to phylogroup D: multilocus sequence type 1011 (ST1011) and phylogroup A: ST744, respectively.

Metabolic Fate and Expectation of Health Benefits of [U-C]-Sucrose Inhibited from Digestion Using Morus alba Leaf Extract.

Morus alba leaf extract (MLE), a strong inhibitor of sucrase, suppresses blood glucose elevation following sucrose ingestion. To investigate that sucrose inhibited from digestion using MLE is utilized through gut microbiota, [U-C]-sucrose solutions with or without MLE were administered orally to conventional and antibiotic-treated rats, and the excretion of CO and H produced by gut microbiota was measured for 24 h. After an administration of [U-C]-sucrose to conventional rats, the unit excreted CO peaked at 4 h, and the cumulative CO excreted over 24 h was approximately 60% of the radioactivity administered.

Corrigendum to "Growth standard charts for Japanese children with mean and standard deviation (SD) values based on the year 2000 national survey".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1297/cpe.25.

subsp. C60 induces macrophages activation that enhances CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity.

subsp. C60 is a probiotic strain that induces diverse functional modifications in immune cells. In this report, as a novel effect of C60 on myeloid lineage cells, we show that C60 enhances the immunological function of macrophages that consequently promotes CD4+ T cell activity in an antigen-dependent manner.

No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA and antibodies in human specimens from Japan.

Background: The potential risk and association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with human remains controversial as it has been reported to be both positive and negative in human breast cancer and blood samples. Therefore, establishing the presence of BLV in comprehensive human clinical samples in different geographical locations is essential.

Result: In this study, we examined the presence of BLV proviral DNA in human blood and breast cancer tissue specimens from Japan.

Trends of Dietary Intakes and Metabolic Diseases in Japanese Adults: Assessment of National Health Promotion Policy and National Health and Nutrition Survey 1995-2019.

Health Japan 21 is Japan's premier health promotion policy encompassing preventive community health measures for lifestyle-related diseases. In this repeated cross-sectional survey, we report 24-year trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, and their association with dietary intakes to evaluate Health Japan 21's impact and identify gaps for future policy implementation. We analyzed data from 217,519 and 232,821 adults participating in the physical examination and dietary intake assessment, respectively, of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1995-2019.

Integration of publicly available case-based data for real-time coronavirus disease 2019 risk assessment, Japan.

In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan, a national COVID-19 cluster taskforce (comprising governmental and nongovernmental experts) was established to support the country's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in conducting daily risk assessment. The assessment was carried out using established infectious disease surveillance systems; however, in the initial stages of the pandemic these were not sufficient for real-time risk assessment owing to limited accessibility, delay in data entry and inadequate case information. Also, local governments were publishing anonymized data on confirmed COVID-19 cases on their official web sites as daily press releases.

Twenty-eight days of vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet influenced bone mineral density and body composition in young adult female rats.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the risk of osteoporosis, and also influences skeletal muscle functions. Recently, we reported that a high-fat diet with vitamin D restriction decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in young adult male rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet would influence BMD in young adult female rats.

Astaxanthin Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Downregulation of Osteoprotegerin in Ovariectomized Mice Fed Choline-Deficient High-Fat Diet.

Background: Postmenopausal estrogen decline increases the risk of developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and it might accelerate progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate a novel therapy for postmenopausal women who are diagnosed with NASH.

Methods: Seven-week-old female C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three experimental groups as follows: (1) sham operation (SHAM group), (2) ovariectomy (OVX group), and (3) ovariectomy + 0.

Cancer Screening Rate and Related Factors in the Japanese Child-Rearing Generation.

In Japan, although the incidence of cancer is increasing, the cancer screening rate is low compared to that in other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with cancer screening behavior in Japanese men and women of child-rearing age. The survey was conducted among 2410 child-rearing adults from a countrywide database in August 2018.

Effectiveness of Textured Soybean Protein on Blood Biochemistry in Vietnamese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing rapidly in Vietnam as well as world-wide. One of the major causes of the condition is low fiber intake. It is difficult to eat large amounts of vegetables every day to reach a sufficient amount of fiber but Textured Soybean Protein is rich in fiber.

Polymorphism Controls Proviral Load and Infectivity of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Milk.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which causes enzootic bovine leukosis, is transmitted to calves through the milk of BLV-infected dams. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)- is a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and proviral load (PVL). However, the effect of polymorphism on the infectivity and PVL of milk from BLV-infected dams remains unknown.

Association Between Temporal Changes in Diet Quality and Concurrent Changes in Dietary Intake, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity Among Japanese Adults: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Many cross-sectional studies have identified modifiable factors such as dietary intake, physique, and physical activity associated with diet quality but were unable to determine how a specific individual's diet quality changes with these factors. These relationships may vary depending on an individual's dietary intake. We aimed to determine the association between temporal changes in diet quality and concurrent changes in dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity according to the diet quality trajectory pattern.

Comparison between DXA and MRI for the Visceral Fat Assessment in Athletes.

The use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may be invalid for assessing athletes with larger bodies, larger lean body mass, and thicker trunks. This study compared the athletes' visceral adipose tissue (VAT) assessed using DXA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Eighty-two Japanese male collegiate athletes from 18 sports participated in this study.

Preschool-children's height, trend, and causes: Japanese national surveys 1990-2010.

We observed trends in the height of children aged 3 to 6 in Japan using data from the National Growth Survey on Preschool Children in the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. Average standard deviation (SD) scores of height decreased from 0.39 (SD 1.

Internalization and Decrease of Duodenal DMT1 Involved in Transient Suppression of Iron Uptake in Short-Acting Mucosal Block.

Mucosal block (MB) is induced by the oral administration of excess iron (10 mg) and suppresses intestinal iron absorption for 3-72 h. The inhibition of iron absorption is accompanied by the downregulation of molecules associated with intestinal iron absorption. Recently, we found that a smaller amount of iron (1 mg) also induced a transient suppression of iron uptake without affecting gene expression levels (short-acting mucosal block, SAMB), which is specific to iron-deficient rats.