Vegetable Salad Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Enhances Absorption of Specific Nutrients in Vegetables.

Vegetables are low in energy and rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber; various health benefits associated with their intake have been reported. Salads are one of the most convenient ways to consume vegetables and can be made simply by pouring mayonnaise, dressing, olive oil, or other condiments over a selection of vegetables. There are also many reports on the ways in which vegetable intake can improve health.

Factors associated with acquiring exercise habits through health guidance for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese workers: A machine learning approach.

Objective: Physical inactivity increases the risk of mortality and chronic morbidity. Therefore, it is crucial to establish strategies to encourage individuals to increase their physical activity and develop exercise habits. The objective of this study was to explore factors associated with acquiring exercise habits using machine learning algorithms.

Observation and Analysis of In Vitro Digestibility of Different Breads Using a Human Gastric Digestion Simulator.

The digestion behavior of a food bolus comprising bread particles in the presence of gastric peristalsis remains poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the effect of bread type on in vitro gastric digestion behavior using a human gastric digestion simulator (GDS) that is capable of quantitatively simulating gastric peristalsis. A food bolus consisting of 60 g of bread (white bread, bagel, German bread, French bread, or croissant), 15 mL of a simulated salivary fluid, and 240 mL of a simulated gastric fluid was used for gastric digestion in vitro using the GDS for 3 h at 37 °C.

Dietary free L-glutamate contributes to maintaining a low sodium intake among Vietnamese.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommend the consumption of less than 2,000 mg of sodium/day to reduce blood pressure and the risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The sodium intake among Vietnamese was reported to be 7,200 mg/d or more. Free L-glutamate enhances flavor when it is added to food and improves the taste of sodium-reduced foods.

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Distribution of Oligosaccharides, Pinitol, Soysapapogenol A, and Fatty Acids in Soybean.

The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (100-600 MPa for 10-60 min) and thermal treatment (boiling for 10-60 min) on oligosaccharides, pinitol, and soyasapogenol A as taste ingredients in soybean ( (L.) Merr.) (cv.

subsp. C60 Upregulates Macrophage Function by Modifying Metabolic Preference in Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.

subsp. C60 is a probiotic strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which induces various immune modifications in myeloid lineage cells. These modifications subsequently regulate T cell function, resulting in enhanced immunity both locally and systemically.

KJ Components Enhance the Expression of Metallothioneins and Th17 Cytokines during Human T Cell Activation.

KJ (C-KJ) is a green alga with unique immunoregulatory characteristics. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the modification of T cell function by C-KJ components. The water-soluble extract of C-KJ was fractionated into protein (P) and sugar (S) fractions acidic (AS), basic (BS), and neutral (NS).

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria promote anti-tumor immunity through enhanced major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation machinery in dendritic cells.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possess the ability to argument T cell activity through functional modification of antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying LAB-induced enhancement of antigen presentation in APCs remains incompletely understood. To address this question, we investigated the detailed mechanism underlying the enhancement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation in DCs using a probiotic strain known as subsp.

Spirituality, Quality of Life, and Health: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Current reports suggest a positive association between spirituality and quality of life (QoL) in elders. While most studies are qualitative studies and there has been little validation in quantitative studies using scales to measure spirituality. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of spirituality on mental health and QoL in older people residing in Kumejima Town in Japan.

Metabolomic profiling of the nutritional components of chicory leaves following heat processing.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.; witloof) is a crisp bitter leafy vegetable, popularly used in western cuisine in salads and soups (leaves) and as an alternative to coffee (roasted roots). In this study, we explored the effect of heat processing under various temperatures and for different durations on the nutritional composition of chicory leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and principal component analysis (PCA).

Calcium restriction for 28 days markedly and negatively influences bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae regardless of the high-fat diet ingestion in young adult male rats.

Calcium (Ca) is necessary for bone calcification, and Ca deficiency leads to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Epidemiological studies have reported a correlation between Ca intake and BMD. Although the influences of Ca deficiency on BMD have been reported, the effects of Ca restriction on bone during high-fat diet ingestion remain unclear.

Physicians' Perspective Toward Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Future Cardiovascular Diseases in Japan.

Aim: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among the obstetric complications reportedly associated with later-life cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined physicians' recognition of reproductive history by elucidating their attitude and knowledge.

Methods: This study included council members of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society.

Fructooligosaccharide feeding during gestation to pregnant mice provided excessive folic acid decreases maternal and female fetal oxidative stress by increasing intestinal microbe-derived hydrogen gas.

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is fermented by intestinal microbes to generate intestinal microbe-derived hydrogen gas (IMDH). Oxidative stress increases during gestation, whereas hydrogen gas has antioxidant effects with therapeutic benefits. We have previously reported that the offspring from a pregnant, excessive folic acid mouse model (PEFAM) had abnormal glucose metabolism after growth.

Near-Physiological Concentrations of Extracellular Pyruvate Stimulated Glucose Utilization along with Triglyceride Accumulation and Mitochondrial Activity in HepG2 Cells.

Pyruvate, a key intermediate in energy and nutrient metabolism, probably plays important roles in these regulations. In previous reports using cell lines, extracellular pyruvate of supraphysiological concentrations inhibited the glucose uptake by myotubes while being stimulated by adipocytes. As the effect of pyruvate on the glucose utilization is unclear in cultured hepatocytes.

Identification of , and resistance alleles in Crioulo Lageano cattle using PCR-SBT and BoLA-DRB3 gene sequencing.

Introduction: The BoLA-DRB3 gene in cattle is associated with tolerance to several infectious diseases, such as neosporosis, dermatophilosis, leukosis, and mastitis.

Methods: This study used PCR-SBT and BoLA-DRB3 gene sequencing to determine the association between the presence or absence of , , and infections in 208 Crioulo Lageano cattle and alleles present in the population. The chi-square test and odds ratio analysis were employed to establish the association.

Effectiveness of integrated bovine leukemia virus eradication strategies utilizing cattle carrying resistant and susceptible major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3 alleles.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has spread worldwide and causes serious problems in the cattle industry owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Bovine leukemia virus is transmitted via horizontal and vertical infection, and cattle with high BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk, are considered major infectious sources within herds. The PVL strongly correlates with highly polymorphic bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles.

Predictive Capability of 5 Sarcopenia Diagnostic Criteria for Fall Incidents in Older Japanese Women: The Otassha Study.

Objectives: The association between sarcopenia diagnosis according to various diagnostic criteria and falls is unclear. We examined the association between sarcopenia defined by 5 different international criteria, and fall and injurious fall numbers among older community-dwelling Japanese women.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Autolysin as a fibronectin receptor on the cell surface of Clostridium perfringens.

Objective: Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning and gas gangrene, a serious wound-associated infection. C. perfringens cells adhere to collagen via fibronectin (Fn).

Application to Butterbur Products of a Suggested Daily Intake-Based Safety Evaluation of Individual Herbal Supplements with Cytochrome P450 Expression as a Major Index.

The present paper first proposes a method for ensuring the safety of commercial herbal supplements, termed the suggested daily intake-based safety evaluation (SDI-based safety evaluation). This new method was inspired as a backward analog of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) derivation from the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), the basis of food additive risk analysis; namely, rats are dosed with individual herbal supplement products at the SDI for human use multiplied by 100 (the usual uncertainty factor value) per body weight for 8 d. The primary endpoint is the sign of adverse effects on liver, especially gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms.

Initial phase and frequency modulations of pumping a playground swing.

The playground swing is a dynamic, coupled oscillator system consisting of the swing as an object and a human as the swinger. Here, we propose a model for capturing the effect of the initial phase of natural upper body motion on the continuous pumping of a swing and validate this model from the motion data of ten participants pumping swings of three different swing chain lengths. Our model predicts that the swing pumps the most if the phase of maximum lean back, which we call the initial phase, occurs when the swing is at a vertical (midpoint) position and moving forward when the amplitude is small.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in Tight Junctions in the Small Intestinal Epithelium of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

The impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal permeability has been well established. When bacteria and their metabolites from the intestinal tract flow into the portal vein, inflammation in the liver is triggered. However, the exact mechanism behind the development of a leaky gut caused by an HFD is unclear.

Vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet influence intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and serum endotoxin concentration, increasing the risk of metabolic endotoxemia in rats.

Vitamin D insufficiency induces calcification disorder of bone or a decrease in bone mineral density, increasing the risk of fracture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a differentiation marker for intestinal epithelial cells, is regulated by vitamin D. It has also been suggested that ALP may prevent metabolic endotoxemia by dephosphorylating lipopolysaccharide.

γ-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oil- and Fish Oil-Induced Alterations of Hepatic Lipogenesis, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Adipose Tissue mRNA Expression in Obese KK-A Mice.

The physiological activity of γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-rich evening primrose oil and eicosapentaenoic and doxosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil, which affect hepatic fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and adipose tissue mRNA expression were compared in diabetic obese KK-A mice. The mice were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either palm oil (saturated fat), GLA oil, or fish oil for 21 days. These oils, compared with palm oil, greatly increased the activity and mRNA levels of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes.