Nanotherapeutics in Kidney Disease: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The treatment and management of kidney disease present a significant global challenge, affecting over 800 million individuals and necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies that transcend symptomatic relief. The application of nanotechnology to renal therapies, while still in its early stages, holds transformative potential for improving treatment outcomes. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery leverage the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles for targeted and controlled therapeutic delivery to the kidneys.

Autopsy of a Hemodialysis Machine: Potential for Recycling at the End of the Life Cycle.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) contributes significantly to healthcare's carbon footprint. Worldwide about 100,000 dialysis machines end their life cycle each year. Our aim was to analyze the composition and the potential for recyclability of two dialysis machines, from the two companies with the largest market share, which had met their end-of-use terms (10-12 years of use according to French regulations).

Developmental and Cell Fate Analyses Support a Postnatal Origin for the Cortical Collecting System in the Mouse Kidney.

Background: Structure and function in the mammalian kidney are organized along a radial axis highlighted by the corticomedullary organization and regional patterning of the collecting system. The arborised collecting epithelium arises through controlled growth, branching and commitment of Wnt11+ ureteric progenitor cells within cortically localized branch tips until postnatal day 3.

Methods: We applied in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence to key markers of collecting duct cell types to examine their distribution in the embryonic and postnatal mouse kidneys.

Macrophage-Derived Type I IFN, Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Polyploidization, and AKI-to-CKD Transition.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as a common risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal tubular epithelial cell polyploidization after AKI is closely associated with maladaptive repair, while the regulatory and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we set out to investigate the mechanism of tubular epithelial cell polyploidization and their role in the AKI-to-CKD transition.

Pediatric Nephrology Workforce and Access of Children with Kidney Failure to Transplantation in the United States.

Background: Nephrology is one of the pediatric subspecialties with the largest workforce shortage in the US. Waitlist registration is one of the first steps towards kidney transplantation and is facilitated by pediatric nephrologists. The objective of this study was to determine whether state-level density of pediatric nephrologists is associated with access to waitlisting (primary outcome) or kidney transplantation (secondary outcome) in children with kidney failure.

Genotype-First Analysis in an Unselected Health System-Based Population and Phenotypic Severity of COL4A5 Variants.

Background: Our knowledge of X-linked Alport Syndrome comes mostly from selected cohorts with more severe disease.

Methods: We examined the phenotypic spectrum of X-linked Alport Syndrome in males and females with a genotype-based approach using data from the Geisinger MyCode DiscovEHR study, an unselected health system-based cohort with exome sequencing and electronic health records. Patients with COL4A5 variants reported as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in ClinVar, or protein-truncating variants, were each matched with up to 5 controls without COL4A3/4/5 variants by sociodemographics, diabetes diagnosis, and year of first outpatient encounter.