451 results match your criteria: "Journal Of Toxicology And Environmental Health-part B-critical Reviews[Journal]"

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a well-established hazard attributed to methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. This evidence is based primarily upon includes studies that measured biomarkers of MeHg exposure in samples of maternal hair and blood, and cord blood. The aim of this review was to investigate which of these prenatal biomarkers is most appropriate for quantifying the DNT effects attributed to MeHg.

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Uncovering layer by layer the risk of nanoplastics to the environment and human health.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

December 2024

MARE-NOVA - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.

Nanoplastics (NPs), defined as plastic particles with dimensions less than 100 nm, have emerged as a persistent environmental contaminant with potential risk to both environment and human health. Nanoplastics might translocate across biological barriers and accumulate in vital organs, leading to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, already reported in several organisms. Disruptions to cellular functions, hormonal balance, and immune responses were also linked to NPs exposure in assays.

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Review of non-invasive biomarkers as a tool for exposure characterization in human health risk assessments.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

November 2024

Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.

Blood and urine are historically the most frequent matrices used for measuring chemical levels in human biomonitoring studies. As biomonitoring programs are refreshed, consideration of specific priority substances and specific population targets provide opportunities for inclusion of alternative non- or minimally invasive matrices. This review describes methods used in health risk assessment to characterize exposure and risk based upon biomarkers from noninvasive matrices other than urine or blood, including human milk, hair, fingernails, toenails, exhaled breath, deciduous teeth, sweat, semen, meconium, and feces.

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Neutrophils in toxicology: a forgotten field.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

November 2024

Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and essential for innate immune responses despite a short lifespan in the bloodstream. A complex and tightly regulated production of neutrophils is required to maintain host defense. This process involves intricate signaling between the bone marrow, blood, and tissue clearance.

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Incorporating new approach methods (NAMs) data in dose-response assessments: The future is now!

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

January 2025

Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

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  • * This review discusses various methodologies for detecting MDR modulators and inhibitors, including bioassays, fluorescent analyses, and molecular testing of resistance proteins.
  • * Innovative therapies such as anti-miRNAs, antibody-drug conjugates, and epigenetic modifications are explored as potential solutions to combat MDR and enhance patient outcomes, although no effective anti-MDR therapies currently exist.
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Microplastic particles (MPs) have been detected in a variety of environmental samples, including soil, water, food, and air. Cellular studies and animal exposures reported that exposure to MPs composed of different polymers might result in adverse effects at the portal of entry (local) or throughout the body (systemic). The most relevant routes of particle uptake into the body are oral and respiratory exposure.

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Neuroendocrine contribution to sex-related variations in adverse air pollution health effects.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

November 2024

Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Air pollution exposure is ranked as a leading environmental risk factor for not only cardiopulmonary diseases but also for systemic health ailments including diabetes, reproductive abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders, likely mediated by central neural stress mechanisms. Current experimental evidence links many air pollution health outcomes with activation of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes associated with resultant increases in adrenal-derived hormone levels acting as circulating mediators of multi-organ stress reactions. Epidemiological and experimental investigations also demonstrated sex-specific responses to air pollutant inhalation, which may be attributed to hormonal interactions within the stress and reproductive axes.

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  • Rodent studies suggest styrene can cause lung tumors in mice, but there's evidence that these tumors may be relevant to humans based on common metabolites; however, styrene is not genotoxic.
  • The review assessed cancer risks by assuming mouse tumor data applies to humans, leading to conservative exposure limits (RfC) derived from mouse data.
  • The resulting RfC values suggest that typical human exposures to styrene are much lower than levels associated with lung cancer risk, particularly in most occupational settings, and studies show no strong link between styrene exposure and human lung cancer.
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The microbiome-gut-brain axis is altered by environmental stressors such as heat, diet, and pollutants as well as microbes in the air, water, and soil. These stressors might alter the host's microbiome and symbiotic relationship by modifying the microbial composition or location. Compartmentalized mutualistic microbes promote the beneficial interactions in the host leading to circulating metabolites and hormones such as insulin and leptin that affect inter-organ functions.

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Relevance and feasibility of principles for health and environmental risk decision-making.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

August 2024

School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Globally, national regulatory authorities are both responsible and accountable for health and environmental decisions related to diverse products and risk decision contexts. These authorities provided regulatory oversight and expedited market authorizations of vaccines and other therapeutic products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulatory decisions regarding such products and situations depend upon well-established risk assessment and management steps.

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The possible impacts of nano and microplastics on human health: lessons from experimental models across multiple organs.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

May 2024

Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais (LICM), Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The widespread production and use of plastics have resulted in accumulation of plastic debris in the environment, gradually breaking down into smaller particles over time. Nano-plastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs), defined as particles smaller than 100 nanometers and 5 millimeters, respectively, raise concerns due to their ability to enter the human body through various pathways including ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Various investigators demonstrated that these particles may produce physical and chemical damage to human cells, tissues, and organs, disrupting cellular processes, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, and impacting hormone and neurotransmitter balance.

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The aim of this review was to explore the advances of nanoformulations as a strategy to optimize glioblastoma treatment, specifically focusing on targeting and controlling drug delivery systems to the tumor. This review followed the PRISMA recommendations. The studies were selected through a literature search conducted in the electronic databases PubMed Central, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science, in April 2023, using the equation descriptors: (nanocapsule OR nanoformulation) AND (glioblastoma).

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Dermal absorption of cyclic and linear siloxanes: a review.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

April 2024

Ramboll Americas Engineering Services, Inc, Monroe, LA, USA.

Cyclic and linear siloxanes are compounds synthesized from silicon consisting of alternating atoms of silicone and oxygen [Si-O] units with organic side chains. The most common cyclic siloxanes are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), while the most common linear siloxanes are high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and low molecular weight volatile linear siloxanes known as hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5). These compounds (1) exhibit low dermal toxicity, (2) are generally inert and non-reactive, and (3) are compatible with a wide range of chemicals offering beneficial chemical properties which include the following: wash-off or transfer resistance from the skin, sun protection factor (SPF) enhancement, emolliency in cleaning products).

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The relationship of occupational exposure to endotoxins with different histologic subtypes of lung cancer has not been established. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effect of exposure to endotoxins on the development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A bibliographic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases until December 2022, including all cohort and/or case-control studies that examined occupational exposure to endotoxins and SCLC.

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Africanized bees have spread across the Americas since 1956 and consequently resulted in human and animal deaths attributed to massive attacks related to exposure from Argentina to the USA. In Brazil, more than 100,000 accidents were registered in the last 5 years with a total of 303 deaths. To treat such massive attacks, Brazilian researchers developed the first specific antivenom against Africanized honey bee sting exposure.

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  • The increasing awareness of skin damage from UV radiation has led to a higher demand for UV filters, which are now seen as emerging environmental contaminants.
  • The widespread use of these filters, particularly Octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), raises concerns about their potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
  • This review aims to summarize research on OMC, focusing on its application as a UV-B filter in cosmetics and its adverse effects on biodiversity and the aquatic environment.
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Systemic health effects of noise exposure.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

January 2024

Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.

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  • * A review analyzed 48 research publications over 60 years, identifying more than 23 types of alkaloids, with a significant focus on batrachotoxins and epibatidine.
  • * Key biological activities include effects on acetylcholinesterase and sodium channels, but only limited testing has been done, indicating a need for more research into these animal-derived compounds.
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Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a synthetic amino acid that blocks the biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant cellular component present in tumor cells. GSH levels have been associated with tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and platinum compounds. Consequently, by depleting GSH, BSO enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant tumors.

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Continent-based systematic review of the short-term health impacts of wildfire emissions.

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev

October 2023

REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

This review systematically gathers and provides an analysis of pollutants levels emitted from wildfire (WF) and their impact on short-term health effects of affected populations. The available literature was searched according to Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design (PECOS) database defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a meta-analysis was conducted whenever possible. Data obtained through PECOS characterized information from the USA, Europe, Australia, and some Asian countries; South American countries were seldom characterized, and no data were available for Africa and Russia.

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This review is based upon evidence from the published effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on genotoxic damage induced by metals with carcinogenic potential. First, the relationship between GTP and antioxidant defense system is provided. Subsequently, the processes involved in the oxidative stress generated by metals and their relationship to oxidative DNA damage is examined.

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