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378 results match your criteria: "Josephine Bay Paul Center[Affiliation]"
J Anim Ecol
November 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Lett
January 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2, Rhondebosch 7700, South Africa.
Nano-picoplankton are the dominant primary producers during the postupwelling period in St Helena Bay, South Africa. Their dynamics on short timescales are not well-understood and neither are the community composition, structure, and potential functionality of the surrounding microbiome. Samples were collected over five consecutive days in March 2018 from three depths (1, 25, and 50 m) at a single sampling station in St Helena Bay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
November 2024
Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
The Midwest Aging Consortium (MAC) has emerged as a critical collaborative initiative aimed at advancing our understanding of aging and developing strategies to combat the rising prevalence of age-related diseases. Founded in 2019, MAC brings together researchers from various disciplines and institutions across the Midwestern United States to foster interdisciplinary geroscience research. This report summarizes the highlights of the Fourth Annual Symposium of MAC, which was held at Iowa State University in May 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
Organisms display an immense variety of shapes, sizes, and reproductive strategies. At microscopic scales, bacterial cell morphology and growth dynamics are adaptive traits that influence the spatial organization of microbial communities. In one such community-the human dental plaque biofilm-a network of filamentous cells forms the core of bacterial consortia known as hedgehogs, but the processes that generate these structures are unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
August 2024
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
ISME Commun
January 2024
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
Passive sinking flux of particulate organic matter in the ocean plays a central role in the biological carbon pump and carbon export to the ocean's interior. Particle-associated microbes colonize particulate organic matter, producing "hotspots" of microbial activity. We evaluated variation in particle-associated microbial communities to 500 m depth across four different particle size fractions (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment
October 2024
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Vertebrate calcitonin-producing cells (C-cells) are neuroendocrine cells that secrete the small peptide hormone calcitonin in response to elevated blood calcium levels. Whereas mouse C-cells reside within the thyroid gland and derive from pharyngeal endoderm, avian C-cells are located within ultimobranchial glands and have been reported to derive from the neural crest. We use a comparative cell lineage tracing approach in a range of vertebrate model systems to resolve the ancestral embryonic origin of vertebrate C-cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
August 2024
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Oil spills are a frequent perturbation to the marine environment that has rapid and significant impacts on the local microbiome. Previous studies have shown that exposure to synthetic dispersant alone did not enhance heterotrophic microbial activity or oxidation rates of specific hydrocarbon components but increased the abundance of some taxa (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2024
Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
Coevolutionary antagonism generates relentless selection that can favour genetic exchange, including transfer of antibiotic synthesis and resistance genes among bacteria, and sexual recombination of disease resistance alleles in eukaryotes. We report an unusual link between biological conflict and DNA transfer in bdelloid rotifers, microscopic animals whose genomes show elevated levels of horizontal gene transfer from non-metazoan taxa. When rotifers were challenged with a fungal pathogen, horizontally acquired genes were over twice as likely to be upregulated as other genes - a stronger enrichment than observed for abiotic stressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPostepy Biochem
May 2024
MaineHealth Institute for Research (MHIR), Scarborough, ME, USA.
Human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60/S4) exposed to hyperosmotic stress with sucrose undergo dehydration and cell shrinkage. Interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes congeal, exhibiting altered phase separation (demixing) of chromatin proteins. To investigate changes in the transcriptome, we exposed HL-60/S4 cells to hyperosmotic sucrose stress (~600 milliOsmolar) for 30 and 60 minutes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
June 2024
Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School. 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston MA, US 02115.
(Smith) is a recently emerged plant pathogen that causes severe economic losses in cucurbit crops in temperate Eastern North America. is xylem restricted, and virulence is thought to be related to Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and biofilm formation, which occlude the passage of sap in xylem vessels and causes systemic wilt. However, the role of EPS and biofilm formation, and their contribution to disease in relation to other virulence loci are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEMS Microbiol Lett
January 2024
Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
Soil microbial communities are fundamental to ecosystem processes and plant growth, yet community composition is seasonally and successionally dynamic, which interferes with long-term iterative experimentation of plant-microbe interactions. We explore how soil sample handling (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMob DNA
June 2024
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Eukaryotic retroelements are generally divided into two classes: long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and non-LTR retrotransposons. A third class of eukaryotic retroelement, the Penelope-like elements (PLEs), has been well-characterized bioinformatically, but relatively little is known about the transposition mechanism of these elements. PLEs share some features with the R2 retrotransposon from Bombyx mori, which uses a target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT) mechanism, but their distinct phylogeny suggests PLEs may utilize a novel mechanism of mobilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
May 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts USA.
Across diverse taxa, offspring from older mothers have decreased lifespan and fitness. Little is known about the extent to which maternal age effects vary among genotypes for a given species, however, except for studies of a few arthropod species. To investigate the presence and degree of intraspecific variability in maternal age effects, we compared lifespan, reproductive schedule, and lifetime reproductive output of offspring produced by young, middle-aged, and old mothers in four strains of rotifers in the species complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
March 2024
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
In electroreceptive jawed vertebrates, embryonic lateral line placodes give rise to electrosensory ampullary organs as well as mechanosensory neuromasts. Previous reports of shared gene expression suggest that conserved mechanisms underlie electroreceptor and mechanosensory hair cell development and that electroreceptors evolved as a transcriptionally related "sister cell type" to hair cells. We previously identified only one transcription factor gene, , as ampullary organ-restricted in the developing lateral line system of a chondrostean ray-finned fish, the Mississippi paddlefish ().
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2024
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
Schistosomiasis is a major Neglected Tropical Disease, caused by the infection with blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. To complete the life cycle, the parasite undergoes asexual and sexual reproduction within an intermediate snail host and a definitive mammalian host, respectively. The intra-molluscan phase provides a critical amplification step that ensures a successful transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
March 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Plasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive 'plasmid systems' using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechniques
May 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology & Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Characterizing swimming behavior can provide a holistic assessment of the health, physiology and ecology of microfaunal species when done in conjunction with measuring other biological parameters. However, tracking and quantifying microfauna swimming behavior using existing automated tools is often difficult due to the animals' small size or transparency, or because of the high cost, expertise, or labor needed for the analysis. To address these issues, we created a cost-effective, user-friendly protocol for behavior analysis that employs the free software packages HitFilm and ToxTrac along with the R package 'trajr' and used the method to quantify the behavior of rotifers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
March 2024
Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149.
Marine particulate organic carbon (POC) contributes to carbon export, food webs, and sediments, but uncertainties remain in its origins. Globally, variations in stable carbon isotope ratios (δC values) of POC between the upper and lower euphotic zones (LEZ) indicate either varying aspects of photosynthetic communities or degradative alteration of POC. During summertime in the subtropical north Atlantic Ocean, we find that δC values of the photosynthetic product phytol decreased by 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
February 2024
Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
Tetracyclines serve as broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. The discovery of new tetracycline resistance genes has led to new questions about the underlying mechanisms of resistance, gene transfer, and their relevance to human health. We tracked changes in the abundance of a 55-kbp conjugative transposon (CTn214) carrying a tetracycline resistance gene, within a metagenome-assembled genome derived from shotgun sequencing of microbial DNA extracted from the ileal pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISME Commun
December 2023
Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, UMR6197 Biologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes marins Profonds, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota play a central role in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in benthic sediments, at the interface between pelagic and subsurface ecosystems. However, our understanding of their niche separation and of the processes controlling their population structure in hadal and abyssal surface sediments is still limited. Here, we reconstructed 47 AOA metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from surface sediments of the Atacama and Kermadec trench systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochemistry (Mosc)
November 2023
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Dev Biol
February 2024
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA. Electronic address:
The gill slits of fishes develop from an iterative series of pharyngeal endodermal pouches that contact and fuse with surface ectoderm on either side of the embryonic head. We find in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) that all gill slits form via a stereotypical sequence of epithelial interactions: 1) endodermal pouches approach overlying surface ectoderm, with 2) focal degradation of ectodermal basement membranes preceding endoderm-ectoderm contact; 3) endodermal pouches contact and intercalate with overlying surface ectoderm, and finally 4) perforation of a gill slit occurs by epithelial remodelling, without programmed cell death, at the site of endoderm-ectoderm intercalation. Skate embryos express Fgf8 and Fgf3 within developing pharyngeal epithelia during gill slit formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMob DNA
November 2023
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Mol Biol Evol
December 2023
Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, RD3, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148 Kiel, DE.
Marine algae are central to global carbon fixation, and their productivity is dictated largely by resource availability. Reduced nutrient availability is predicted for vast oceanic regions as an outcome of climate change; however, there is much to learn regarding response mechanisms of the tiny picoplankton that thrive in these environments, especially eukaryotic phytoplankton. Here, we investigate responses of the picoeukaryote Micromonas commoda, a green alga found throughout subtropical and tropical oceans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF