Longitudinal impact of extended-hours hemodialysis with a liberalized diet on nutritional status and survival outcomes: findings from the LIBERTY cohort.

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW), a unique weight loss linked to nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and associated with adverse outcomes. This study investigated whether extended-hours HD combined with a liberalized diet could overcome PEW and improve survival.

Methods: The body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes in patients undergoing extended-hours HD were evaluated for up to 8 years using data from the LIBeralized diet Extended-houRs hemodialysis Therapy (LIBERTY) cohort.

Enhanced Drug Skin Permeation by Azone-Mimicking Ionic Liquids: Effects of Fatty Acids Forming Ionic Liquids.

: Laurocapram (Azone) attracted attention 40 years ago as a compound with the highest skin-penetration-enhancing effect at that time; however, its development was shelved due to strong skin irritation. We had already prepared and tested an ante-enhancer (IL-Azone), an ionic liquid (IL) with a similar structure to Azone, consisting of ε-caprolactam and myristic acid, as an enhancer candidate that maintains the high skin-penetration-enhancing effect of Azone with low skin irritation. In the present study, fatty acids with different carbon numbers (caprylic acid: C8, capric acid: C10, lauric acid: C12, myristic acid: C14, and oleic acid: C18:1) were selected and used with ε-caprolactam to prepare various IL-Azones in the search for a more effective IL-Azone.

Effectiveness of rehabilitation in hospitalized hemodialysis patients as compared with rehabilitation in hospitalized patients not on hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The effectiveness of rehabilitation aimed at improving the activities of daily living and physical functions may differ between hospitalized patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and not undergoing HD (non-HD). The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of rehabilitation between hospitalized HD and non-HD patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of inpatients who underwent rehabilitation.

Harnessing Arsenic Derivatives and Natural Agents for Enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal intracranial tumor in adults. Despite advances in the understanding of the molecular events responsible for disease development and progression, survival rates and mortality statistics for GBM patients have been virtually unchanged for decades and chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat GBM are limited. Arsenic derivatives, known as highly effective anticancer agents for leukemia therapy, has been demonstrated to exhibit cytocidal effects toward GBM cells by inducing cell death, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of migration/invasion, and angiogenesis.

Characteristics of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Cannulation in Older Japanese Inpatients.

Age-related physiological changes affect various aspects of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) cannulation. However, the characteristics of PIVCs, especially in older patients, have been poorly investigated. In the current cross-sectional observational study, PIVC sizes, PIVC sites, the number of attempts until successful insertion, and the degree of venodilation upon insertion among hospital inpatients aged ≥65 years were investigated, along with measurements of the vessel diameter and depth using ultrasound.

Bioavailability of Anthocyanin Cyanidin-3-Glucoside from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Extract after Co-Administration with Allyl Isothiocyanate in Rats.

Black rice (BR) is beneficial for the health of animals and humans. Herein, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a major anthocyanin constituent of BR, in male rats. After its intravenous administration, C3G was rapidly distributed throughout the body and disappeared from the plasma.

Analysis of the Effects of Brefeldin A on Deuterium-Labeled Sphinganine Metabolism Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Ceramide (Cer) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using sphinganine as the common backbone and is then transported to the Golgi apparatus to synthesize two complex sphingolipids, sphingomyelin (SM) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Brefeldin A (BFA) affects the structure of the Golgi apparatus, resulting in the redistribution of the Golgi proteins into the ER. Therefore, BFA has been used to examine the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of lipids, but the detailed lipid changes in cells upon BFA treatment are not fully understood.

Mice Born to Mothers Fed a Diet High in Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Low in Omega-3 Fatty Acids During Pregnancy Exhibit Various Behavioral Changes Including Impaired Social Behaviors and Enhanced Recognition Memory.

Background: Modern dietary trends have led to an increase in foods that are relatively high in n-6 PUFAs and low in n-3 PUFAs. We previously reported that the offspring of mother mice that consumed a diet high in n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and low in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), hereinafter called the LA/ALA diet, exhibited behavioral abnormalities related to anxiety and feeding.

Objectives: We currently lack a comprehensive overview of the behavioral abnormalities in these offspring, which was investigated in this study.

Transglycosylation behavior of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase to β-cyclodextrin derivatives with multivalent glucose moieties for synthesizing cyclodextrin-based oligosaccharide clusters.

We investigated the transglycosylation reaction of two types of oligosaccharide acceptors, i.e., β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives 1 and 2 conjugated with multiple glucose (Glc) units, catalyzed by endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) using the oligosaccharide donor sialoglycopeptide (SGP).

Revamping Pace Distribution: A Case Study on Elevating the Men's 400 m Track and Field Japanese National Record After 32 Years.

Chiba, Y, Sato, K, Yoshimoto, T, Ohnuma, H, Yamanaka, R, Takahashi, K, Kobayashi, K, Matsubayashi, T, and Takai, Y. Revamping pace distribution: A case study on elevating the men's 400 m track and field Japanese national record after 32 years. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Many studies have investigated the 400-m sprint, and the optimal pacing strategy is subject to debate.

Histidine and soy isoflavones co-ingestion induces browning of white adipose tissue and promotes lipolysis in female rats.

Beige adipocytes arise from white adipocytes in response to cold or other stimuli, known as browning of white adipose. Beige adipocytes play a role similar to that of brown adipocytes, express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and are responsible for energy consumption via heat production, thus aiding in fat loss. Although histidine (His) and soy isoflavone (Iso) co-ingestion reportedly reduces food intake, body weight, and fat accumulation in female rats, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Plasma Metabolite Profiles Between In-Center Daytime Extended-Hours and Conventional Hemodialysis.

Background: Protein-energy wasting, characterized by disordered body protein catabolism resulting from metabolic and nutritional derangements, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Extended-hours hemodialysis (≥6 h per treatment session) offers both enhanced removal of uremic solutes and better fluid management, generally allowing more liberalized dietary protein and calorie intake. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in plasma metabolite profiles among patients receiving in-center daytime extended-hours hemodialysis and those receiving conventional hemodialysis.

Quality control of corn silk extract using IR spectroscopy along with statistical methods.

Aqueous extracts of corn silk exhibit glycation-inhibitory activity. Lignin is the active component of these extracts. As corn silk is highly nutritious and has medicinal value, it can be used as a functional food and cosmetics.

A one-step fabrication of soft-magnetic high entropy alloy fiber with excellent strength and flexibility.

Soft-magnetic fibers (SMFs) play a crucial role in energy conversion, transmission, and storage within electronic devices. However, conventional SMFs have poor plasticity and are therefore difficult to withstand long-term tensile, torsional, and shear deformation. A high fraction of grain boundaries could improve plastic deformability of conventional SMFs, but deteriorates the coercivity.

Comparison of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of some commercial dairy products.

The continuing emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could be ameliorated by infection prevention through daily diet. In this study, we examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of 10 commercially available dairy products. They did not show any cytotoxicity against VeroE6/transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) cells (CC > 4 mg/ml).

Special Issue "Polyamines in Aging and Disease".

Polyamines are bioactive amines found in almost all living organisms and are essential for normal cellular functions [...

Ultraviolet, Did the Cell See It from the Side or the Bottom? Assessment and Modeling of UV Effects on Cultured Cells Using the CL-1000 UV-Crosslinker.

Numerous natural extracts and compounds have been evaluated for their ability to mitigate the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) overexposure. However, variability in the UV doses that trigger biological responses across studies likely arises from inconsistencies in UV exposure standardization. We hypothesize that these discrepancies are due to variations in culture plates and dishes.

Thermoresponsive degradable hydrogels with renewable surfaces for protein removal.

Most biological materials used in the body undergo protein adsorption, which alters their biological functions. Previously, we introduced surface-degradable hydrogels as adsorbed protein-removing surfaces. However, only a few surface renewals were possible because of the hydrophilic nature of the hydrogels, which accelerated their degradation.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thin-Film Properties of Post-Functionalized N,N-Dimethylanilinoethynyl-Substituted Cyclobutenofullerenes.

A π-extended cyclobutenofullerene containing an N,N-dimethylanilinoethynyl group was synthesized via a one-pot cascade reaction of C with the corresponding propargylic phosphate. The cyclobutenofullerene was further modified using either one-pot or sequential post-functionalization methods, yielding derivatives containing altered addend structures. During one-pot post-functionalization, hydration reaction of the alkyne moiety continued after the formation of cyclobutenofullerenes.

Aromatic polyketides isolated from the marine-derived fungus Didymella aeria and their neuroprotective activity.

Two novel aromatic polyketides, penicanesins J and K (1, 2), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Didymella aeria, along with the known compound integrastatin B (3). The structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy and synthetic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibition, anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, and protective activity against HO-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Laser-induced fabrication of a supercooled liquid droplet embedded in an ice microcrystal.

Optical heating of an ice microparticle supported on a hydrophobic substrate enabled local melting, yielding a liquid microdroplet. To demonstrate this effect, a liquid droplet entrapped in an ice microcrystal was fabricated by illuminating a focused continuous-wave laser beam in the near-IR at temperatures below -10 °C. Droplets formed in this way are either persistent as a supercooled liquid or short-lived, resulting in recrystallization, depending on the presence of salt additives.

Nutritional Imbalance between Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy Increases the Number of Pyramidal Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala and Anxiety-Related Behavior in Offspring.

Modern agriculture allows for the production of foods that are high in n-6 linoleic acid and low in n-3 α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA), which are suggested to be associated with an increased risk for the onset of anxiety disorders. However, there is not sufficient evidence to understand its underlying brain mechanism. Given that mouse offspring derived from mothers fed a LA/ALA diet during gestation and early lactation showed increased anxiety-related behaviors and that rodents exposed to a LA/ALA diet are more vulnerable to stress, in this study, we investigated the effects of maternal LA/ALA diet consumption on stress-induced anxiety-related behavior and the brain structures involved in the expression of negative emotional states in mouse offspring.

Effect of Nattokinase in D-galactose- and Aluminum Chloride-induced Alzheimer's Disease Model of Rat.

Background/aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. Nattokinase is a serine protease extracellularly produced by natto, a fermented product of Bacillus subtilis var. natto.