Characteristics of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Cannulation in Older Japanese Inpatients.

Age-related physiological changes affect various aspects of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) cannulation. However, the characteristics of PIVCs, especially in older patients, have been poorly investigated. In the current cross-sectional observational study, PIVC sizes, PIVC sites, the number of attempts until successful insertion, and the degree of venodilation upon insertion among hospital inpatients aged ≥65 years were investigated, along with measurements of the vessel diameter and depth using ultrasound.

Bioavailability of Anthocyanin Cyanidin-3-Glucoside from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Extract after Co-Administration with Allyl Isothiocyanate in Rats.

Black rice (BR) is beneficial for the health of animals and humans. Herein, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a major anthocyanin constituent of BR, in male rats. After its intravenous administration, C3G was rapidly distributed throughout the body and disappeared from the plasma.

A one-step fabrication of soft-magnetic high entropy alloy fiber with excellent strength and flexibility.

Soft-magnetic fibers (SMFs) play a crucial role in energy conversion, transmission, and storage within electronic devices. However, conventional SMFs have poor plasticity and are therefore difficult to withstand long-term tensile, torsional, and shear deformation. A high fraction of grain boundaries could improve plastic deformability of conventional SMFs, but deteriorates the coercivity.

Frameshift Mutations in Genes Encoding PBP3 and PBP4 Trigger an Unusual, Extreme β-Lactam Resistance Phenotype in .

In our curated panel of complex isolates, strain AU28442 was unusually highly β-lactam resistant. To explore the molecular mechanisms leading to this phenotype, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and microbiological and biochemical assays. WGS analysis revealed that strain AU28442 produced two β-lactamases, AmpC22 and a novel PenA-like β-lactamase denominated PenA39.

Elucidation of DPP-4 involvement in systemic distribution and renal reabsorption of linagliptin by PBPK modeling with a cluster Gauss-Newton method.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin (LNG) exhibits target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) in clinical settings, characterized by saturable binding to plasma soluble DPP-4 (sDPP-4) and tissue transmembrane DPP-4 (tDPP-4). Previous studies have indicated that saturable renal reabsorption of LNG contributes to its nonlinear urinary excretion observed in humans and wild-type mice, but not in Dpp-4 knockout mice. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these complex phenomena, including DPP-4-related renal reabsorption of LNG, we employed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling combined with a cluster Gauss-Newton method (CGNM).

Subjective Difficulty with Higher-Level Functional Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older People withMild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a predictor of future age-related dementia.　We herein investigated associations of MCI with higher-level functional capacities, as well as with subjective difficulty regarding these functions, in community-dwelling older people, to identify a simple method for early MCI detection.

Method: We administered a test battery to 118 community-dwelling older people living in an urban area.

Short Physical Performance Battery and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index Association in Older Patients with Heart Failure.

Balance dysfunction in older patients compromises independence and increases the risk of falls and disability. Arterial stiffness, an important parameter of atherosclerosis, can affect peripheral organs, including the brain, causing balance disorders. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), measured independently of blood pressure, has attracted attention as an indicator of arterial stiffness.

Plasmid DNA Delivery into the Skin via Electroporation with a Depot-Type Electrode.

Non-viral mediated plasmid DNA transfection by electroporation (EP) is an established method for gene transfection. In this study, the usefulness of direct EP at an intradermal () site () with implanted electrodes to achieve a high protein expression level was investigated. In addition, application with various intervals with a low application voltage was also evaluated to confirm its effect on protein expression.

Application of PLGA-PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles to Percutaneous Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.

Compared with oral or injection administration, percutaneous immunotherapy presents a promising treatment modality for food allergies, providing low invasiveness and safety. This study investigated the efficacy of percutaneous immunotherapy using hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), as an antigen model protein derived from egg white, compared with that of HEL-loaded chitosan hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (CS)-modified PLGA NPs used in previous research. The intradermal retention of HEL in excised mouse skin was measured using Franz cells, which revealed a 2.

Association between the Kihon Checklist and Working Status among Young-Old Citizens: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Owing to increasing super-aging societies, older adults will be encouraged to continue working. Although demand exists for older adults to continue working in Japanese society, the enabling factors have not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify (1) the life functions that affect the working status among younger-older adults who continue to work and those who do not via the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and (2) examine whether the number of areas of difficulties in daily functions of the KCL affected older adults' employment status.

When to consider intra-target microdosing: physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach to quantitatively identify key factors for observing target engagement.

Intra-Target Microdosing (ITM), integral to Phase 0 clinical studies, offers a novel approach in drug development, effectively bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical phases. This methodology is especially relevant in streamlining early drug development stages. Our research utilized a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and Monte Carlo simulations to examine factors influencing the effectiveness of ITM in achieving target engagement.

Development of the Japanese Version of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3): A Study among Student and Parent Population.

Objective: The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3) is a scenario-based measure of self-conscious emotions. We aimed to create an abridged version of the TOSCA-3 that is appropriate for Japanese populations and has a good fit with the data, as well as validate its subscales.

Methods: The TOSCA-3 was distributed to (a) a university student population ( = 512: Study 1) and (b) a parent population ( = 260: Study 2).

Subcutaneous edema as a potential cause of catheter failure in older inpatients receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition.

Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalized older patients. Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) can improve patient outcomes but can also lead to complications that affect future treatment. Older inpatients, in particular, are expected to be prone to these catheter-related complications.

A Scale of Parent-to-Child Emotions (SPCE): Development and validation of a short form.

Aim: Parents' emotions towards a child are extremely important. The Scale of Parent-to-Child Emotions (SPCE) consists of five basic and four self-conscious emotion domains for assessment of parental emotional states. Abridgement of the SPCE is needed for research and clinical settings.

[A Pilot Test of Olive Weevil Repellents in an Olive Orchard].

Recently, feeding damage by the olive weevil Pimelocerus (Dyscerus) perforatus Roelofs, which utilizes olive trees (Olea europaea Linne) as a host plant, has become the biggest obstacle to olive cultivation in Japan. We previously identified several volatile plant-derived natural products that exhibit repellent activity against olive weevils. In this study, we conducted a pilot test of repellents in an olive orchard along with the use of insecticide.

Influence of aging on the relation between head control and hip joint kinematics during crossover stepping.

Falls in older individuals are a serious health issue in super-aged societies. The stepping reaction is an important postural strategy for preventing falls. This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of lateral stepping in response to mechanical disturbance by means of an analysis of the hip joint kinematics in the stepping leg and head stability during crossover steps.

Typology of Parent-to-Child Emotions: A Study of Japanese Parents of a Foetus up to a 12-Year-Old Child.

Emotions are the fundamental origin of parent-child bonding, which is measurable by the Scale for Parent-to-Child Emotions (SPCE) based on the theories of basic and self-conscious emotions. This study is based on the data from a cross-sectional study that we previously reported. The data consist of fathers and mothers who had a child/children, whose eldest child's age was at the foetal stage up to 12 years old, and were recruited via the Internet (N = 4600).

Effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation of the common fibular nerve on the soleus muscle Hoffmann reflex.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation of the common fibular nerve on the modification of neural circuit function as measured through the soleus muscle Hoffmann reflex. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-four healthy adult males were randomly and equally divided into the magnetic stimulation (experimental) and control groups. The Hoffmann reflex of the soleus muscle was analyzed before and after 10 min of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for the experimental group and before and after 10 min of rest for the control group.