Proteomic Insight Into Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis Pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, but the pathogenesis mechanism is still elusive. Advances in proteomics have uncovered key molecular mechanisms underlying AD, revealing a complex network of dysregulated pathways, including amyloid metabolism, tau pathology, apolipoprotein E (APOE), protein degradation, neuroinflammation, RNA splicing, metabolic dysregulation, and cognitive resilience. This review examines recent proteomic findings from AD brain tissues and biological fluids, highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Time-Critical Emergencies in Suburban Parks and Outdoor Recreation Spaces.

Objective Prior studies have described the patterns of emergency medical service (EMS) activations in national parks in the United States. However, little data exists regarding EMS activations in local and regional outdoor recreational locations. We performed a retrospective analysis of EMS activations originating from parks and recreational areas in suburban Howard County, Maryland, to characterize those activations determined to be time-critical emergencies.

Abdominal myosteatosis measured with computed tomography predicts poor outcomes in patients with glioblastoma.

Background: Alterations in cellular metabolism affect cancer survival and can manifest in metrics of body composition. We investigated the effects of various body composition metrics on survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had an abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 1 month of diagnosis of GBM (178 participants, 102 males, 76 females, median age: 62.

Investigating the Uptake of Hypofractionation for Breast and Prostate Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Study of Physician and Medical Physicist Perspectives.

Purpose: In prostate and breast cancer, moderate hypofractionation (HF) has demonstrated comparable, if not greater, efficacy than conventional fractionation. There is a stark disparity in the uptake of HF between North America and Africa. Using the Consolidative Framework for Implementation Research, we evaluated barriers and facilitators for implementing HF in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Tricuspid Anteroposterior Patch Repair: Optimization of Patch Geometry in an Ex Vivo Model.

Background: Tricuspid anteroposterior patch (TRAPP) repair aims to address shortcomings of traditional annuloplasty in functional tricuspid regurgitation by selectively enlarging and translocating the anterior and posterior leaflets, but optimal patch width has not been identified.

Methods: An ex vivo model of the tricuspid valve was established in fresh porcine hearts by pneumatic pressurization of the ventricles. TRAPP repair was performed with patches of varying width (group 1, 1.

Miniscope Imaging of Nucleus Accumbens Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats: Virus Injection, Gradient Index Lens Implantation, Recording Strategies, and Analytical Methods.

In vivo calcium imaging in freely moving rats using miniscopes provides valuable information about the neural mechanisms of behavior in real time. A gradient index (GRIN) lens can be implanted in deep brain structures to relay activity from single neurons. While such procedures have been successful in mice, few reports provide detailed procedures for successful surgery and long-term imaging in rats, which are better suited for studying complex human behaviors.

Racial, socioeconomic, and payer status disparities in utilization of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the USA.

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a surgical treatment for knee osteoarthritis associated with lower morbidity compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with isolated unicompartmental knee arthritis. As disparities have been noted broadly in arthroplasty care, it follows that such disparities might be present in the utilization of UKA relative to TKA. This study therefore examined racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and payer status differences in utilization of UKA.

Identification of a Subpopulation of Astrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Neonatal Subventricular Zone: Evidence that Migration is Regulated by Glutamate Signaling.

In mice engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the entire glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) gene, eGFP is found in all 'adult' cortical astrocytes. However, when 8.3 kilobases of the human GLT1/EAAT2 promoter is used to control expression of tdTomato (tdT), tdT is only found in a subpopulation of these eGFP-expressing astrocytes.

RNA dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Dysregulation of RNA processing has in recent years emerged as a significant contributor to neurodegeneration. The diverse mechanisms and molecular functions underlying RNA processing underscore the essential role of RNA regulation in maintaining neuronal health and function. RNA molecules are bound by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and interactions between RNAs and RBPs are commonly affected in neurodegeneration.

Sexually dimorphic dopaminergic circuits determine sex preference.

Sociosexual preference is critical for reproduction and survival. However, neural mechanisms encoding social decisions on sex preference remain unclear. In this study, we show that both male and female mice exhibit female preference but shift to male preference when facing survival threats; their preference is mediated by the dimorphic changes in the excitability of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (VTA) neurons.

Differences in Phenotypes, Treatments, and Outcomes of ANCA-associated Vasculitis across Europe, Japan, and the United States in 2020.

Objectives: To clarify the differences in clinical phenotypes, therapeutic patterns, and outcomes of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) across geographic regions using a multinational cohort.

Methods: Data were collected from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing GPA or MPA in Europe, Japan, and the United States (US) from January to July 2020. The composite outcome of kidney failure and/or death within 52 weeks after treatment was evaluated, and the hazard ratios across the regions were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Clinical and immunological outcomes after randomized trial of baked milk oral immunotherapy for milk allergy.

BACKGROUNDCow's milk (CM) allergy is the most common food allergy in young children. Treatment with oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown efficacy, but high rates of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to determine whether baked milk OIT (BMOIT) could reduce adverse reactions while still inducing desensitization, and to identify immunological correlates of successful BMOIT.

Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months.

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk procedure with significant morbidity and mortality and there is an uncertain volume-outcome relationship, especially regarding long-term functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ECMO centre volume and long-term death and disability outcomes.

Design Setting And Participants: This is a registry-embedded observational cohort study.

Noniatrogenic hypoglycemia: A universal marker for poor outcomes.

Objective: Previous retrospective studies have established a relationship between postoperative hypoglycemia and adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery, but none have accounted for the cause of hypoglycemia.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a single institution between 2016 and 2021. Patients were categorized as hypoglycemic if they had 1 or more postoperative blood glucose measurement less than 70 mg/dL and normoglycemic otherwise.

Evaluating the Equivalency of Teletesting and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Measures of Reading Achievement in a Clinically Referred Sample.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to build an evidence base to support teletesting as an equivalent modality for standardized neuropsychological assessment. As such, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, this study evaluated teletesting equivalency of standardized reading achievement measures during COVID-19 in children ages 6-16.

Adults and Adolescents With Neuroblastoma: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Background And Objectives: Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, is rare in adults. This study compares patient characteristics, disease patterns, and treatments among adults, adolescents, and children with neuroblastoma.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database (2004-2019) for neuroblastoma cases.

CCR5-ligand decorated rilpivirine lipid-based nanoparticles for sustained antiretroviral responses.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life for those living with the human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1). However, poor compliance reduces ART effectiveness and leads to immune compromise, viral mutations, and disease co-morbidities. Here we develop a drug formulation in which a lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) carrying rilpivirine (RPV) is decorated with the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) targeting peptide.

Establishing Minimal Clinically Important Differences for the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS) in Pediatric Neurorehabilitation.

The Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS) was developed to serially monitor cognitive recovery of children and young people after severe acquired brain injury (ABI), during inpatient rehabilitation. The CALS can be used to derive Cognitive Ability Estimates (CAE) which are Rasch-propertied (unidimensional, interval-scale) and therefore may be ideally applied for use in research including within the context of clinical trials. Here, we used established statistical distribution-based and expert consensus-based methods to estimate the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for CAE derived from the CALS.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Pediatric Trauma: A Report From the National Trauma Data Bank.

Introduction: Indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric trauma continue to evolve. This study evaluates trends and practices in ECMO use for injured children and identifies factors associated with mortality using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of children ≤18 years who underwent ECMO therapy following trauma, recorded in the NTDB from 2007 to 2018.

Neuromodulation Strategies in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Practical Clinical Guidance from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, cognitive impairment, and distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. Neuromodulation techniques, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as important treatment options for patients with LGS who do not respond adequately to antiseizure medications. This review, developed with input from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) LGS Special Interest Group, provides practical guidance for clinicians on the use of these neuromodulation approaches in patients with LGS.

Social Determinants of Health and Cross-Sectional Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in Adults from the Deep South Living with HIV.

Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) is a sensitive marker of neuropathology and is increased in people with HIV (PWH). In a sample of PWH from the United States Deep South, we examined the relationship of cognitive IIV with cognitive impairment and social determinants of health (SDoH). This secondary analysis included 131 PWH from a larger cognitive training protocol.