Dietary potassium stimulates Ppp1Ca-Ppp1r1a dephosphorylation of kidney NaCl cotransporter and reduces blood pressure.

Consumption of low dietary potassium, common with ultraprocessed foods, activates the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) via the with no (K) lysine kinase/STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (WNK/SPAK) pathway to induce salt retention and elevate blood pressure (BP). However, it remains unclear how high-potassium "DASH-like" diets (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) inactivate the cotransporter and whether this decreases BP. A transcriptomics screen identified Ppp1Ca, encoding PP1A, as a potassium-upregulated gene, and its negative regulator Ppp1r1a, as a potassium-suppressed gene in the kidney.

Disrupted Lives: Caregivers' Experiences of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors' Recovery 5 Years Later.

Background Survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) experience ongoing physical and cognitive impairments, often requiring support from a caregiver at home afterwards. Caregivers are important in the survivor's recovery, yet there is little research specifically focused on their experiences once the survivor is discharged home. In this study, we highlight how caregivers for veteran IHCA survivors described and experienced their caregiver role, the strategies they used to fulfill their role, and the additional needs they still have years after the IHCA event.

How do we ensure a safe ABO recheck process?

Background: Collecting a patient's blood in a correctly labeled pretransfusion specimen tube is essential for accurate ABO typing and safe transfusion. Noncompliance with specimen collection procedures can lead to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) incidents with potentially fatal consequences. Recent WBIT events inspired the investigation of how various institutions currently reduce the risk of these errors and ensure accurate ABO typing of patient samples.

Cortical morphology in patients with the deficit and non-deficit syndrome of schizophrenia: a worldwide meta- and mega-analyses.

Converging evidence suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) with primary, enduring negative symptoms (i.e., Deficit SZ (DSZ)) represents a distinct entity within the SZ spectrum while the neurobiological underpinnings remain undetermined.

Protospacer modification improves base editing of a canonical splice site variant and recovery of CFTR function in human airway epithelial cells.

Canonical splice site variants affecting the 5' GT and 3' AG nucleotides of introns result in severe missplicing and account for about 10% of disease-causing genomic alterations. Treatment of such variants has proven challenging due to the unstable mRNA or protein isoforms that typically result from disruption of these sites. Here, we investigate CRISPR-Cas9-mediated adenine base editing for such variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator () gene.

Effects of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from the ADMET 2 study.

Introduction: Methylphenidate has been shown to improve apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors evaluated the impact of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of AD, excluding apathy, using data from the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2) study.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on data from the ADMET 2 study to determine the effect of methylphenidate on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores outside of apathy.

Bidirectional Association Between Frailty and Cardiac Structure and Function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background Frailty and heart failure frequently coexist in late life. Limited data exist regarding the longitudinal associations of frailty and subclinical cardiac dysfunction. We aim to quantify the association of frailty with longitudinal changes in cardiac function and of cardiac function with progression in frailty status in older adults.

Perry Disease: Expanding the Genetic Basis.

Background: Perry disease (or Perry syndrome [PS]) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder inevitably leading to death within few years from onset. All previous cases with pathological confirmation were caused by mutations within the cytoskeleton-associated protein glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) domain of the gene.

Objectives: This paper presents the first clinicopathological report of PS due to a novel mutation outside the CAP-Gly domain.

Pearls and pitfalls of ChatGPT in medical oncology.

Recently, ChatGPT has drawn attention to the potential uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in academia. Here, we discuss how ChatGPT can be of value to medicine and medical oncology and the potential pitfalls that may be encountered.

Quantitative vestibular assessment: The development and validation of a novel, remote video head impulse test against in-clinic measurements.

Objectives: To develop a novel remote head impulse test (rHIT), and to provide preliminary data validating the rHIT vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gains against the in-clinic vHIT.

Methods: A convenience sample of 10 patients referred for vestibular assessment at our institution was recruited. In-clinic vHIT was used to quantify lateral VOR gains.

D-cycloserine is not susceptible to self-administration using an intravenous self-administration model in male ketamine-habituated Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objective: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist antidepressants have known potential for abuse liability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abuse liability of D-cycloserine (DCS), using a self-administration paradigm in which DCS was tested for its efficacy in substituting for ketamine in ketamine-dependent rats.

Methods: A standard intravenous self-administration study was conducted in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats to study abuse liability.

Evolving Management of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Personalized Approach to Preventing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Across the Risk Continuum.

Management of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is central to preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and key to reducing the risk of ASCVD events. Current guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol recommend statins as first-line therapy for LDL-C reduction according to an individual's ASCVD risk and baseline LDL-C levels. The addition of nonstatin lipid-lowering therapy to statins to achieve intensive LDL-C lowering is recommended for patients at very high risk of ASCVD events, including patients with familial hypercholesterolemia who have not achieved adequate LDL-C lowering with statins alone.

Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications.

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long-term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro.

Simultaneous assessment of vascular distensibility and vessel wall area at coronary, carotid, and aortic level in diabetic patients using CMR: detection of vascular remodeling.

Aims: No data is available about the significance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived vascular distensibility (VD) and vessel wall ratio (VWR) for risk stratification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of T2DM on VD and VWR using CMR in both central and peripheral territories.

Methods: Thirty-one T2DM-patients and nine controls underwent CMR.

A clinician's guide to addressing cardiovascular health based on a revised AHA framework.

The American Heart Association recently published updates to its definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) in its Presidential Advisory called Life's Essential 8. In particular, the update from Life's Simple 7 added a new component of sleep duration and refined definitions of prior components, including measurement of diet, nicotine exposure, blood lipids, and blood glucose. Physical activity, BMI, and blood pressure were unchanged.

SARS-CoV-2 infection results in upregulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Neuroserpin in the lungs, and an increase in fibrinolysis inhibitors associated with disease severity.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in coagulation activation although it is usually not associated with consumption coagulopathy. D-dimers are also commonly elevated despite systemic hypofibrinolysis. To understand these unusual features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coagulopathy, 64 adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (36 moderate and 28 severe) and 16 controls were studied.

Galactosylated hydroxyl-polyamidoamine dendrimer targets hepatocytes and improves therapeutic outcomes in a severe model of acetaminophen poisoning-induced liver failure.

Toxicity to hepatocytes caused by various insults including drugs is a common cause of chronic liver failure requiring transplantation. Targeting therapeutics specifically to hepatocytes is often a challenge since they are relatively nonendocytosing unlike the highly phagocytic Kupffer cells in the liver. Approaches that enable targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutics to hepatocytes have significant promise in addressing liver disorders.

Nanofiber-based glaucoma drainage implant improves surgical outcomes by modulating fibroblast behavior.

Biomaterials are implanted in millions of individuals worldwide each year. Both naturally derived and synthetic biomaterials induce a foreign body reaction that often culminates in fibrotic encapsulation and reduced functional lifespan. In ophthalmology, glaucoma drainage implants (GDIs) are implanted in the eye to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in order to prevent glaucoma progression and vision loss.