Time evolution of a pumped molecular magnet-A time-resolved inelastic neutron scattering study.

Introducing an experimental technique of time-resolved inelastic neutron scattering (TRINS), we explore the time-dependent effects of resonant pulsed microwaves on the molecular magnet CrFPiv. The octagonal rings of magnetic Cr atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions form a singlet ground state with a weakly split triplet of excitations at 0.8 meV.

Physiological monitoring to prevent diving disorders.

Insight into human physiology is key to maintaining diver safety in underwater operational environments. Numerous hazardous physiological phenomena can occur during the descent, the time at depth, the ascent, and the hours after a dive that can have enduring consequences. While safety measures and strict adherence to dive protocols make these events uncommon, diving disorders still occur, often with insufficient understanding of the factors that triggered the event.

Wrist posture unpredictably affects perception of targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with wrist-placed electrodes.

Objective: Targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tTENS) is a non-invasive neural stimulation technique that involves activating sensory nerve fibers to elicit tactile sensations in a distal, or referred, location. Though tTENS is a promising approach for delivering haptic feedback in virtual reality or for use by those with somatosensory deficits, it was not known how the perception of tTENS might be influenced by changing wrist position during sensorimotor tasks.

Approach: We worked with 12 able-bodied individuals and delivered tTENS by placing electrodes on the wrist, thus targeting the ulnar, median, and radial nerves, and eliciting tactile sensations in the hand.

Mapping of Western Valles Marineris Light-Toned Layered Deposits and Newly Classified Rim Deposits.

Layered deposits are found on the plateaus surrounding the western portion of Valles Marineris, mantling the chasmata rims. These rim deposits exhibit intricate layering and are described as light-toned layered deposits (LLDs) in previous studies. Light-toned layered deposits are thought to be composed of pyroclastic ash that was emplaced during volcanic eruptions and later chemically altered.

Relation between magnetopause position and reconnection rate under quasi-steady solar wind dynamic pressure.

Unlabelled: The lunar environment heliospheric X-ray imager (LEXI) and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere link explorer (SMILE) will observe the magnetopause motion in soft X-rays to understand dayside reconnection modes as a function of solar wind conditions after their respective launches in the near future. To support their successful science mission, we investigate the relationship between the magnetopause position and the dayside reconnection rate by utilizing super dual auroral radar network (SuperDARN) observations and widely used empirical models of magnetopause position (Shue et al. in J Geophys Res 103:17691-17700.

Membrane Vesicles Can Contribute to Cellulose Degradation by Teredinibacter turnerae, a Cultivable Intracellular Endosymbiont of Shipworms.

Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable cellulolytic Gammaproteobacterium (Cellvibrionaceae) that commonly occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-eating bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). The genome of T. turnerae encodes a broad range of enzymes that deconstruct cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin and contribute to wood (lignocellulose) digestion in the shipworm gut.

Closing the genome of T7902 by long-read nanopore sequencing.

We present the complete closed circular genome sequence derived from the Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the shipworm endosymbiont, T7902 (DSM 15152, ATCC 39867), originally isolated from the shipworm, (1). This sequence will aid in the comparative genomics of shipworm endosymbionts and the understanding of the host-symbiont evolution.

The Growth and Decay of Intense GNSS Amplitude and Phase Scintillation During Non-Storm Conditions.

A multi-instrument study is conducted at the dayside polar ionosphere to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of scintillation in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals during non-storm conditions. Bursts of intense amplitude and phase scintillation started to occur at 9 MLT and persisted for more than 1 hour implying the simultaneous existence of Fresnel and large-scale sized irregularities of significant strength in the pre-noon sector. Measurements from the EISCAT radar in Svalbard (ESR) revealed the presence of dense plasma structures with significant gradients in regions of strong Joule heating/fast flows and soft precipitation when scintillation was enhanced.

A call to innovate Antarctic avian influenza surveillance.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are increasingly spreading between birds and mammals globally, with sporadic transmission to humans. With recent emergence in Antarctica, traditional animal capture and influenza testing approaches have proven challenging and logistically impractical. Without reference laboratories in the region, responses are slow and few samples will ever be collected or tested from local outbreaks due to lack of infrastructure.

Magnetospheric Control of Ionospheric TEC Perturbations via Whistler-Mode and ULF Waves.

The weakly ionized plasma in the Earth's ionosphere is controlled by a complex interplay between solar and magnetospheric inputs from above, atmospheric processes from below, and plasma electrodynamics from within. This interaction results in ionosphere structuring and variability that pose major challenges for accurate ionosphere prediction for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) related applications and space weather research. The ionospheric structuring and variability are often probed using the total electron content (TEC) and its relative perturbations (dTEC).

Juno Observations of Jupiter's Magnetodisk Plasma: Implications for Equilibrium and Dynamics.

The Jovian magnetodisk plays an essential role in the dynamics of the Jupiter system by coupling its various components. Here, we investigate the Juno (JADE, JEDI, and MAG) observations of the magnetodisk within 20-80 Jupiter radii ( ) in the 0-6 hr local time sector. JADE and JEDI data are combined to generate equatorial plane distributions of density, pressure, temperature, and anisotropy of electrons, protons, and heavy ions.

Nanoscale Connectomics Annotation Standards Framework.

The promise of large-scale, high-resolution datasets from Electron Microscopy (EM) and X-ray Microtomography (XRM) lies in their ability to reveal neural structures and synaptic connectivity, which is critical for understanding the brain. Effectively managing these complex and rapidly increasing datasets will enable new scientific insights, facilitate querying, and support secondary use across the neuroscience community. However, without effective neurodata standards that permit use of these data across multiple systems and workflows, these valuable and costly datasets risk being underutilized especially as they surpass petascale levels.

Improved resolution of avian influenza virus using Oxford Nanopore R10 sequencing chemistry.

Unlabelled: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses continue to pose global risks to One Health, including agriculture, public, and animal health. Rapid and accurate genomic surveillance is critical for monitoring viral mutations, tracing transmission, and guiding interventions in near real-time. Oxford Nanopore sequencing holds promise for real-time influenza genotyping, but data quality from R9 chemistry has limited its adoption due to challenges resolving low-complexity regions such as the biologically critical hemagglutinin cleavage site, a homopolymer of basic amino acids that distinguish highly pathogenic strains.

Dephasingless two-color terahertz generation.

A laser pulse composed of a fundamental and an appropriately phased second harmonic can drive a time-dependent current of photoionized electrons that generates broadband THz radiation. Over the propagation distances relevant to many experiments, dispersion causes the relative phase between the harmonics to evolve. This "dephasing" slows the accumulation of THz energy and results in a multi-cycle THz pulse with significant angular dispersion.

Organoid intelligence for developmental neurotoxicity testing.

The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders has highlighted the need for improved testing methods to determine developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard for thousands of chemicals. This paper proposes the integration of organoid intelligence (OI); leveraging brain organoids to study neuroplasticity into the DNT testing paradigm. OI brings a new approach to measure the impacts of xenobiotics on plasticity mechanisms - a critical biological process that is not adequately covered in current DNT assays.

A click-based electrocorticographic brain-computer interface enables long-term high-performance switch scan spelling.

Background: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can restore communication for movement- and/or speech-impaired individuals by enabling neural control of computer typing applications. Single command click detectors provide a basic yet highly functional capability.

Methods: We sought to test the performance and long-term stability of click decoding using a chronically implanted high density electrocorticographic (ECoG) BCI with coverage of the sensorimotor cortex in a human clinical trial participant (ClinicalTrials.

Quantifying the impact of prevalence-dependent adaptive behavior on COVID-19 transmission: A modeling case study in Maryland.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for robust epidemic forecasts, projecting health burden over short- and medium-term time horizons. Many COVID-19 forecasting models incorporate information on infection transmission, disease progression, and the effects of interventions, but few combine information on how individuals change their behavior based on altruism, fear, risk perception, or personal economic circumstances. Moreover, early models of COVID-19 produced under- and over-estimates, failing to consider the complexity of human responses to disease threat and prevention measures.

Material Characterization Study of Magnetite Nanocrystals for RF Sensing.

Magnetite nanocrystals show promise for electrically small gigahertz frequency applications, which could lead to miniaturizing transformer cores and new sensing technologies. This work presents a rigorous radiofrequency characterization of these nanocrystals using vector network analyzer (VNA) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. For the first time, two different average diameters of FeO nanocrystals are investigated (7.