Examining the Influence of Historical Redlining on Firearm Injuries in Current Day Baltimore, Maryland.

Firearm injuries are a common and major public health problem in Baltimore, Maryland. The city is also one of the first U.S.

Mechanistic insights into medulloblastoma relapse.

Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most common type. A better understanding of these malignancies has led to their classification into four major molecular subgroups. This classification not only facilitates the stratification of clinical trials, but also the development of more effective therapies.

Fate of Pediatric Transport Medicine Abstracts 2011 to 2020: What Predicts Publication Success?

Objective: Pediatric-neonatal transport research projects are presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Transport Medicine (SOTM) scientific abstract program annually. Journal publication increases the impact of these projects. Our objectives were to determine the publication rate of transport abstracts and to identify factors predictive of publication success.

Management of Gastroschisis: Timing of Delivery, Antibiotic Usage, and Closure Considerations (A Systematic Review From the American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes & Evidence Based Practice Committee).

Background: No consensus exists for the initial management of infants with gastroschisis.

Methods: The American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Outcomes and Evidenced-based Practice Committee (OEBPC) developed three a priori questions about gastroschisis for a qualitative systematic review. We reviewed English-language publications between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2019.

Management advances for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: integrating prenatal and postnatal perspectives.

In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), abdominal organs are displaced into the chest, compress the lungs, and cause mediastinal shift. This contributes to development of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension, which is the primary determinant of morbidity and mortality for affected newborns. The severity is determined using prenatal imaging as early as the first trimester and is related to the laterality of the defect, extent of lung compression, and degree of liver herniation.

Is social media our new quitline? A descriptive study assessing youtube coverage of tobacco cessation.

Background: Tobacco use and exposure are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past decade, educational efforts to reduce tobacco use and exposure have extended to social media, including video-sharing platforms. YouTube is one of the most publicly accessed video-sharing platforms.

Transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for the T-box transcription factor 18.

The adenovirus-mediated somatic transfer of the embryonic T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) gene can convert chamber cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker cells. However, the translation of therapeutic TBX18-induced cardiac pacing faces safety challenges. Here we show that the myocardial expression of synthetic TBX18 mRNA in animals generates de novo pacing and limits innate and inflammatory immune responses.

Effect of vibratory device on the time of administration of vaccines and on patient satisfaction measures.

Previous studies have demonstrated that Buzzy® is effective for pain reduction during vaccination. This study aimed to determine if Buzzy® would have an effect on either duration of vaccine administration and/or patient satisfaction. Pediatric patients aged birth to 18 years old receiving a vaccination were randomized to either a control group receiving no intervention, or the experimental group, utilizing Buzzy®.

Pancreatic Enzyme Use Reduces Pancreatitis Frequency in Children With Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis: A Report From INSPPIRE.

Introduction: Among children who suffer from acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP), acute pancreatitis (AP) episodes are painful, often require hospitalization, and contribute to disease complications and progression. Despite this recognition, there are currently no interventions to prevent AP episodes. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the impact of pancreatic enzyme therapy (PERT) use on clinical outcomes among children with pancreatic-sufficient ARP or CP.

Management of long-gap esophageal atresia.

A uniquely challenging subset of infants diagnosed with esophageal atresia (EA) are those born with long-gap EA (LGEA). The common unifying feature in infants with LGEA is that the proximal and distal segments of the esophagus are too far apart to enable primary anastomosis via a single operation in the newborn period. Although any type of EA can technically result in a long gap, the Gross type A variant occurs in 8% of all EA cases and is most commonly associated with LGEA.

Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Introduction: Hospitalized children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related conditions are at risk for new or persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Our objective was to analyze post-hospital symptoms, healthcare utilization, and outcomes of children previously hospitalized and diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Methods: Prospective, multicenter electronic survey of parents of children <18 years of age surviving hospitalization from 12 U.

Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall of stimulus features and categories.

Objective: Here, we demonstrate the first successful use of static neural stimulation patterns for specific information content. These static patterns were derived by a model that was applied to a subject's own hippocampal spatiotemporal neural codes for memory.

Approach: We constructed a new model of processes by which the hippocampus encodes specific memory items via spatiotemporal firing of neural ensembles that underlie the successful encoding of targeted content into short-term memory.

Utility of a Benchmarking Report for Balancing Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children With Complicated Appendicitis.

Objective: To develop a severity-adjusted, hospital-level benchmarking comparative performance report for postoperative organ space infection (OSI) and antibiotic utilization in children with complicated appendicitis.

Background: No benchmarking data exist to aid hospitals in identifying and prioritizing opportunities for infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship in children with complicated appendicitis.

Methods: This was a multicenter cohort study using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric data from 16 hospitals participating in a regional research consortium, augmented with antibiotic utilization data obtained through supplemental chart review.

Real-world experience of maralixibat in Alagille syndrome: Novel findings outside of clinical trials.

Objective: Maralixibat, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients aged ≥3 months with Alagille syndrome (ALGS).

Postoperative Antibiotics, Outcomes, and Resource Use in Children With Gangrenous Appendicitis.

Importance: Gangrenous, suppurative, and exudative (GSE) findings have been associated with increased surgical site infection (SSI) risk and resource use in children with nonperforated appendicitis. Establishing the role for postoperative antibiotics may have important implications for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

Objective: To compare SSI rates in children with nonperforated appendicitis with GSE findings who did and did not receive postoperative antibiotics.

Anti-spike antibody durability after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Adolescent solid organ transplant recipients (aSOTRs) who received three doses of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine experience high seroconversion rates and antibody persistence for up to 3 months. Long-term antibody durability beyond this timeframe following three doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine remains unknown. We describe antibody responses 6 months following the third vaccine dose (D3) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination among aSOTRs.

Promoting a Sleep-friendly Environment by Minimizing Overnight Room Entries.

Introduction: Despite its importance in illness recovery, the sleep of hospitalized children is frequently interrupted. This quality improvement intervention aimed to reduce overnight room entries by minimizing unnecessary interventions.

Methods: This study occurred at a university-affiliated children's hospital on the hospital medicine services from March 26, 2021, to April 14, 2022.