The association of previous and current non-chronic low back pain with daily physical activity in middle- and older-aged adults.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of years lived with disability. However, the association of non-chronic LBP with levels of daily physical activity (PA) remains poorly explored. This study investigated the association between previous and current non-chronic LBP with daily PA and compliance with PA recommendations in middle and older-aged adults.

A protocol for a wait list control trial of an intervention to improve pain and depressive symptoms among middle-age and older women living with disability.

Background: Women aging with disabilities experience higher rates of chronic pain and co-occurring depressive symptoms than women without disabilities and men with and without disabilities. Pain and depression can exacerbate the inability to fulfill social roles and complete activities of daily living among women with disabilities. Although there are existing interventions for both pain and depressive symptoms, few interventions have been developed with women aging with disabilities that address both chronic pain and depressive symptoms.

A large hypothesis-free proteomics study investigating serum inflammatory markers as biomarkers of dry eye disease.

Purpose: To test the association between serum inflammatory markers and dry eye disease (DED) using a hypothesis-free proteomic approach in a population-based cohort.

Methods: A total of 2602 unselected community-based participants (mean age 61.5 (range 21-92 years), 94.

Food Insecurity Is Common in the Orthopaedic Trauma Population.

Introduction: Food insecurity is the condition of limited access to healthy and safe food. Malnutrition resulting from food insecurity is a concern particularly in the surgical population due to the association with impaired healing. This aim of this study was to report the incidence and risk factors for food insecurity in the orthopaedic trauma population.

'Does human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cancer?' - A cross-sectional study of HPV awareness among sexual minority men in Nigeria.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are a global concern, particularly for sexual minority men (SMM). Understanding awareness and the determinants of these beliefs is crucial for developing educational programs to reduce HPV-associated cancers. This study explored awareness and determinants of beliefs about HPV's carcinogenicity among SMM living with and without HIV in Nigeria.

Infection-Related Hospitalization and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: The immune response to infections may become dysregulated and promote myocardial damage contributing to heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between infection-related hospitalization (IRH) and HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods And Results: We studied 14 468 adults aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study who were HF free at visit 1 (1987-1989).

The impact of climate change on vulnerable populations in pediatrics: opportunities for AI, digital health, and beyond-a scoping review and selected case studies.

Climate change critically impacts global pediatric health, presenting unique and escalating challenges due to children's inherent vulnerabilities and ongoing physiological development. This scoping review intricately intertwines the spheres of climate change, pediatric health, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), with a goal to elucidate the potential of AI and digital health in mitigating the adverse child health outcomes induced by environmental alterations, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). A notable gap is uncovered: literature directly correlating AI interventions with climate change-impacted pediatric health is scant, even though substantial research exists at the confluence of AI and health, and health and climate change respectively.

BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL TOBACCO USE TRANSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDS IN THE US.

Introduction: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) can benefit those who use combustible tobacco if they transition completely to ENDS. ENDS can also result in nicotine addiction among nicotine naïve people.

Methods: ENDS-related tobacco use transitions were assessed among US youth and adults using weighted Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study wave four (2016-2017) and five (2018-2019) adult and youth data.

What happens after menopause? (WHAM): A prospective controlled study of cognition 24 months after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.

Objective: Women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants considering risk-reducing bilateral oophorectomy (RRSO) may be concerned about potential effects of surgical menopause on cognition. Whether RRSO affects cognition and whether hormone therapy (HT) modifies this effect remains uncertain. This study aimed to prospectively measure the effect of premenopausal RRSO on cognition and the modifying effects of HT up to 24 months.

Harnessing Human-Centered Design for Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions and Implementation Strategies in Community Settings: Protocol for Redesign to Improve Usability, Engagement, and Appropriateness.

Background: Although substantial progress has been made in establishing evidence-based psychosocial clinical interventions and implementation strategies for mental health, translating research into practice-particularly in more accessible, community settings-has been slow.

Objective: This protocol outlines the renewal of the National Institute of Mental Health-funded University of Washington Advanced Laboratories for Accelerating the Reach and Impact of Treatments for Youth and Adults with Mental Illness Center, which draws from human-centered design (HCD) and implementation science to improve clinical interventions and implementation strategies. The Center's second round of funding (2023-2028) focuses on using the Discover, Design and Build, and Test (DDBT) framework to address 3 priority clinical intervention and implementation strategy mechanisms (ie, usability, engagement, and appropriateness), which we identified as challenges to implementation and scalability during the first iteration of the center.

Virus-like particle-based vaccines targeting the mosquito salivary protein TRIO.

Malaria is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by parasites. These parasites are transmitted to vertebrate hosts when mosquitoes of the genus probe for a blood meal. Sporozoites, the infectious stage of , transit to the liver within hours of injection into the dermis.

Longitudinal impact of past-year reproductive coercion on contraceptive use dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from eight population-based cohorts.

Background: Reproductive coercion (RC) is a type of abuse where a partner intentionally attempts to interfere with fertility through deception or violence, often by manipulating one's contraceptive use or reproductive decision-making. Cross-sectional studies on the magnitude of RC across sub-Saharan Africa have noted associations with contraceptive use. No studies have longitudinally examined RC experiences as related to future contraceptive dynamics, including discontinuation or forgoing use altogether.

Parent-Reported Feeding Practices Associated With Children's Observed Willingness-to-Try-New-Foods in Childcare.

Feeding behaviours are established early in life, with lifelong influences on children's appetite, growth and health, emphasizing the importance of understanding how parent-child feeding interactions relate to children's eating and growth patterns. The objective was to examine reciprocity between parent-reported feeding practices and children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods in childcare settings without parental presence, thereby assessing independence from context and parental influence. The sample included parent-child dyads (n = 436) recruited from 51 childcare centres across 10 counties.

RetroFun-RVS: A Retrospective Family-Based Framework for Rare Variant Analysis Incorporating Functional Annotations.

A large proportion of genetic variations involved in complex diseases are rare and located within noncoding regions, making the interpretation of underlying biological mechanisms a daunting task. Although technical and methodological progress has been made to annotate the genome, current disease-rare-variant association tests incorporating such annotations suffer from two major limitations. First, they are generally restricted to case-control designs of unrelated individuals, which often require tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals to achieve sufficient power.

Splicing accuracy varies across human introns, tissues, age and disease.

Alternative splicing impacts most multi-exonic human genes. Inaccuracies during this process may have an important role in ageing and disease. Here, we investigate splicing accuracy using RNA-sequencing data from >14k control samples and 40 human body sites, focusing on split reads partially mapping to known transcripts in annotation.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder: A systematic review of evidence and future potential.

Introduction: While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) remains a highly effective psychotherapy approach for managing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), its potential is hindered by workforce shortages and access barriers. In response to these challenges, Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) has emerged as an innovative solution that integrates the core CBT structure with technology. In iCBT, educational materials, therapist communication and progress dashboards can be centralized in a digital format, and delivered in a self-guided, therapist-guided or blended approach.

Clinical outcomes in peripheral ulcerative keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and treatment outcomes in patients with peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK).

Design: Retrospective, case series SUBJECTS: Patients diagnosed with PUK at the Wilmer Eye Institute between January 2003 and October 2022.

Methods: Data collected included demographics, presence of systemic disease, disease laterality, duration of disease, PUK activity, presence of corneal perforation, and treatments.

Effects of Noise and Public Setting on Blood Pressure Readings : A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Guidelines emphasize quiet settings for blood pressure (BP) measurement.

Objective: To determine the effect of noise and public environment on BP readings.

Design: Randomized crossover trial of adults in Baltimore, Maryland.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Case-area targeted interventions and free chlorine residual in household drinking water: An observational cohort study during a cholera outbreak in Northeast Nigeria.

Background: Cholera outbreaks are surging worldwide. Growing research supports case-area targeted interventions (CATIs), whereby teams provide a package of interventions to case and neighboring households, as an effective strategy in cholera outbreak control, particularly in humanitarian settings. While research exists on individual CATI interventions, research gaps exist on outcomes of integrated interventions during CATI responses.

Four targets: an enhanced framework for guiding causal inference from observational data.

Observational studies play an increasingly important role in estimating causal effects of a treatment or an exposure, especially with the growing availability of routinely collected real-world data. To facilitate drawing causal inference from observational data, we introduce a conceptual framework centered around "four targets"-target estimand, target population, target trial, and target validity. We illustrate the utility of our proposed "four targets" framework with the example of buprenorphine dosing for treating opioid use disorder, explaining the rationale and process for employing the framework to guide causal thinking from observational data.

A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study of Factors Associated with Low High-Resolution Anoscopy Completion in Transgender Women with Abnormal Anal Cytology.

In a cohort of transgender women (TGW) with abnormal anal cytology (AAC) in Washington, DC, we determined the rates of and factors associated with completion of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). This mixed-methods study used a sequential study design. In an academic-community clinic, we recruited TGW who provided blood samples, anal swabs for anal cytology, and completed surveys.

Differential Associations of Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Versus Combustible Cigarette Use With Subclinical Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco Working Group.

Background: Understanding the association of tobacco product use with subclinical markers is essential in evaluating health effects to inform regulatory policy. This is particularly relevant for noncigarette products (eg, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco), which have been understudied because of their low prevalence in individual cohort studies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 450 participants from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco data set.

Differences in brain volume in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition across different anatomical regions: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a stage between cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease. Despite much published research on MCI, there continues to be a knowledge gap of volumetric brain changes in MCI versus cognitively normal (CN) in racially diverse, community-based samples.

Objective: The study aimed to understand differences in volume of selected brain regions in individuals with MCI versus those who are cognitively normal.