Aligning our actions with our words: A systematic review of gender and racial diversity in surgical subspecialties.

Introduction: Persistent racial and gender disparities are prevalent within the higher education and medical training system, notably seen in the underrepresentation of Hispanic or Latinos, Black Americans, and female surgeons compared to their respective population proportions. This study aims to quantify publications addressing ethnic or gender diversity across various surgical specialties, analyze publication trends, and explore specific topics within medical literature.

Database: The Database includes PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus.

Unveiling Sex Differences in Pediatric Burns Through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burn Registry.

Introduction: Pediatric burns present a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this burden, few studies have explored global sex-based differences in pediatric burns. This study aims to describe pediatric burn incidence, burn care facilities' capacities, and burn outcomes with a focus on sex, comparing LMICs to HICs.

How Do Plastic Surgery Program's Websites Feature Diversity and Inclusion Elements? An Analysis of 89 Integrated Plastic Surgery Programs' Websites.

Introduction: Plastic surgery residency programs leverage their websites as platforms for promoting their commitment to diversity and inclusion to potential candidates. Medical students who are seeking residency positions, including individuals from underrepresented backgrounds, place significant importance on the alignment of program culture and diversity. The authors assessed how these programs showcased diversity and inclusion efforts on their websites.

Impact of hemodynamic goal-directed resuscitation on mortality in adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effect of hemodynamic optimization in critically ill patients has been challenged in recent years. The aim of the meta-analysis was to evaluate if a protocolized intervention based on the result of hemodynamic monitoring reduces mortality in critically ill patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Fibrochondrocyte Growth and Functionality on TiO₂ Nanothin Films.

Disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are a long-standing health concern. TMJ disorders (TMJD) are often associated with an internal disc derangement accompanied by a suite of symptoms including joint noises, jaw dysfunction, and severe pain. The severity of patient symptoms and their reoccurrence can be alleviated to some extent with conservative therapy; however, refractory cases often require surgery that has shown only limited success.

Medical student perceptions of factors affecting productivity of problem-based learning tutorial groups: does culture influence the outcome?

Background: The popularization of problem-based learning (PBL) has drawn attention to the motivational and cognitive skills necessary for medical students in group learning. This study identifies the effect of motivational and cognitive factors on group productivity of PBL tutorial groups.

Description: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 115 students at the end of PBL tutorials for 4 themes.

Inclusion of turnover time does not influence identification of surgical services that over- and underutilize allocated block time.

Unlabelled: Allocation of operating room (OR) block time is an ongoing challenge for OR managers. In this study, we sought to determine whether inclusion or exclusion of turnover time in comparisons of block utilization would identify different surgical services as under- or overused. For a 13-mo period, we evaluated data extracted from the OR information system of a large academic medical center.

Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specific antigen in ductal epithelium of male breast. Potential diagnostic pitfall in patients with gynecomastia.

Enlargement of the male breast is frequently encountered in the course of adjuvant antiandrogen therapy for advanced prostate carcinoma. The clinical differential diagnosis in this setting includes hormonal imbalance-induced gynecomastia, primary breast carcinoma, and metastasis of prostatic carcinoma. Biopsy of the lesion with the identification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plays an important role in establishing the correct diagnosis.

The expression of Fhit protein is related inversely to disease progression in patients with breast carcinoma.

Background: The FHIT gene, located at human chromosome 3p14.2, frequently is deleted in a number of human tumors, including breast carcinoma. Its protein product (Fhit) is presumed to have tumor suppressor function.

Myocardial bridging in a young patient with sudden death.

Systolic compression of a coronary artery is considered to be a benign phenomenon, although numerous case reports have suggested an association between bridging and sudden death or ischemia in certain patients without other abnormalities on cardiovascular evaluation. We present the case of a young patient with two episodes of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia, whose only primary abnormality on extensive workup was a long segment of left anterior descending systolic compression. This case adds to the growing body of anecdotal evidence that myocardial bridging may be associated with significant cardiac events.

Restenosis following percutaneous revascularization--the potential role of thrombin and the thrombin receptor.

Thrombin is present at sites of vascular injury and elicits many effects which may contribute to neointimal growth. Further studies are needed to order to determine steps involved in thrombin-induced effects and to identify potential sites to regulate these effects. The failure of the Helvetica trial to demonstrate an effect of treatment with hirudin on restenosis may relate more to our inability to safely inhibit thrombin than to a lack of a role for thrombin in restenosis.

Normal nasal airway resistance in noses of different sizes and shapes.

Measurement of nasal airway resistance is becoming a common clinical technique. Accurate definition of the normal range of airflow is critical for maximal usefulness of this technique. Since typical nasal size and shape vary greatly with ethnic background, different norms for different ethnic groups may be appropriate.

CONCERNING THE RELATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE TO RESISTANCE TO THYROID AND THYROXINE, AND THE CREATINE CONTENT OF THE HEART AND OTHER TISSUES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTHYROIDISM.

Experiments have shown that the survival period of thyrotoxic rats is markedly influenced by the environmental temperature, being of much longer duration at low than at high temperatures. Between 22 degrees and 37.5 degrees C.