8,401 results match your criteria: "Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz[Affiliation]"

To evaluate the current status of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors in Germany by means of a survey of the oncological imaging working group of the German Radiological Society (DRG) with a focus on the CT protocols being used.Radiologists working in outpatient or inpatient care in Germany were invited. The survey was conducted between 10/2022 and 06/2023 using the SurveyMonkey web tool.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by a compulsion to collect belongings, and to experience significant distress when parting from them. HD is often misdiagnosed for several reasons. These include patient and family lack of recognition that it is a psychiatric disorder and professionals' lack of relevant expertise with it.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

  Sonography training has become an important part of university medicine courses. This study explores the impact of digital and analog teaching resources on learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and student preferences and motivation in a flipped classroom setting.   This prospective controlled study involving two groups of third-year medical students included a voluntary three-day compact ultrasound course given in a flipped classroom, comprising 26 teaching units of 45 minutes each.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to significant tissue damage and poor health outcomes.
  • The study uses a microsurgical model combined with intravital microscopy to observe the behaviors of immune cells (like leukocytes) during I/R injury, particularly focusing on the role of the endothelial PAR1 receptor.
  • Results show that mice lacking the PAR1 receptor had less leukocyte adhesion and reduced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), suggesting that PAR1 is a critical factor in the inflammatory response during I/R injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: Gaming is a global phenomenon often associated with impaired health and sleep patterns. Although the research activities are growing, the evidence to date is rare due to the various gaming titles and inconsistent study designs. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of excessive gaming in the evening on subjective as well as objective sleep parameters by focusing on specific game titles and assessing several evenings/nights using a mixed-methods approach.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chemical prospection for the mycelial extract of the fungus Acremonium sp. Strain MNA-F-1, derived from the inner tissue of anise roots (Pimpnella anisum L., family Apiaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of one previously undescribed natural product, acremochlorin S (1), together with five related derivatives (2-6) and an alkaloidal metabolite, ilicicolin H (7).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Light is a key factor in moderating human alertness, both subjective and objective. However, the methodology applies in research on the effects of exposure to light of different wavelengths and intensities on objective and subjective alertness varies greatly and evidence on objective alertness in particular is still inconclusive. Thus, the present, highly standardized within-subject laboratory study on N = 44 healthy males explored how LED light of different intensities (dim vs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study evaluated the Resilience Scale-5 (RS-5) for measuring psychological resilience, which is important for mental health, using data from nearly 7,500 participants aged 25 to 86 over five years.
  • - Results showed that the RS-5 has strong reliability and validity, with an average resilience score of 28.94; older participants (≥75) scored the highest, and resilience was linked to factors like gender, age, education, and income.
  • - The RS-5 is presented as an effective tool for measuring resilience in different demographics, providing updated norms specific to the German population to better understand how various factors influence resilience levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Plasmodium spp. infections (malaria) and dengue virus are significant health issues for children in middle- and low-income countries, with a study in Mwanza, Tanzania examining their prevalence and associated factors.
  • The study analyzed 436 children, revealing malaria prevalence rates of 15.6%, 8.5%, and 12.1% through different diagnostic methods, while dengue prevalence was 7.8%.
  • Clinical symptoms of both diseases often overlap, complicating diagnosis, and highlighting the need for better laboratory tests and more extensive research on acute febrile illnesses in developing nations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lights off - Role of bioluminescence for the biology of the biocontrol agent .

iScience

October 2024

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • Bioluminescence serves key roles in various organisms, but the function of light production in certain terrestrial bacteria is not well understood.
  • The bacteria in question exist in two forms: primary cells that produce bright light and secondary cells that give off a dim light while colonizing different organisms.
  • Research shows that while bioluminescence is important for the primary cells' interactions with insects and nematodes, it is not necessary for the bacteria's survival, making these modified cells useful for scientific assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory protein, and its loss due to human mutations is linked to frontotemporal dementia, with PGRN knockout (KO) mice used to model this condition.
  • Restoration of PGRN in neurons (but not microglia) was achieved in a specific mouse model, allowing researchers to investigate if it could reduce brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • Findings indicated that restoring PGRN in neurons was enough to mitigate excessive brain damage caused by TBI, suggesting that microglial PGRN was not necessary for neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects in this context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study introduces the PRIMA-17 model, which focuses on how prenatal exposure to interleukin 17A (IL-17A) from the mother affects the behavior of mouse offspring.
  • - This model uniquely examines the effects of IL-17A through embryo-specific responses, allowing researchers to understand its specific role in causing behavioral disturbances.
  • - The findings highlight that exposure to IL-17A during development leads to communication issues and increased anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice, emphasizing the model's utility for studying neurological deficits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

International Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Harmony, Dissonance, and Silence.

J Am Coll Cardiol

October 2024

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Thrombosis Research Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Despite advancements in clinical practices, pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a significant challenge in diagnosis and treatment due to factors like aging populations and health disparities.
  • Clinicians often rely on various international guidelines for managing PE, but inconsistencies and gaps in recommendations can lead to confusion.
  • This review focuses on key similarities and differences in PE guidelines and emphasizes the need for clearer management strategies and further research in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background & Aims: Elevated liver stiffness has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AFib) in the general population. The mechanism underlying this association is unclear.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the general population and prospectively enrolled with follow-up for 5 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - This study focused on translating and validating an Arabic version of the Sleep Preoccupation Scale (SPS) to assess how daytime thoughts about sleep affect sleep quality among Arabic speakers.
  • - A total of 523 participants completed various sleep and anxiety questionnaires, and the SPS showed strong reliability and internal consistency in measuring sleep preoccupation.
  • - The results indicated that the Arabic SPS correlates well with insomnia severity and anxiety related to sleep, confirming its effectiveness as a valid tool for this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is critical for thylakoid membrane biogenesis and maintenance. Although Vipp1 has recently been identified as a member of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport III superfamily, it is still unknown how Vipp1 remodels membranes. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of Synechocystis Vipp1 interacting with membranes: seven structures of helical and stacked-ring assemblies at 5-7-Å resolution engulfing membranes and three carpet structures covering lipid vesicles at ~20-Å resolution using subtomogram averaging.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Researchers studied how surviving childhood leukemia (ALL) might affect mental health as kids grow up.
  • They looked at almost 2,000 survivors and compared them to their siblings and other kids to see who had more psychiatric problems by age 30.
  • They found that survivors had a slightly higher chance of mental health issues, especially those who had serious treatments, but overall, the risks were similar to their siblings and friends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Metalloporphyrins with open-shell transition metals like Ni(II) have a fast excited-state relaxation mechanism, which is explored in a nanographene-Ni(II) porphyrin conjugate.
  • Using variable temperature transient absorption and global fit analysis, the study reveals that after photoexcitation, vibrational cooling occurs in 1.6 ps, followed by a brief 20 ps window where some excited states decay radiatively before intersystem crossing.
  • At low temperatures, two relaxation pathways from the lowest triplet state to the ground state are identified: a slow process over 1.6 ns and a faster route influenced by a conical intersection, important for applications in energy harvesting and optoelectronics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Navigation is crucial for central-place foragers to locate food and return to the nest. ants are renowned for their advanced navigation abilities, relying on landmark cues and path integration. This study aims to uncover the transcriptomic basis of exceptional spatial learning in the central nervous system of .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Epithelial RANKL Limits Experimental Periodontitis via Langerhans Cells.

J Dent Res

November 2024

Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Article Synopsis
  • - RANKL is identified as a key player in periodontitis, primarily influencing osteoclast differentiation and acting as a link between bone and the immune system, showcasing a complex role beyond its initial recognition as an activator of dendritic cells (DCs).
  • - In studies using ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP), rapid bone loss was observed, which eventually stopped despite the presence of the ligature, indicating a connection to immunosuppressive conditions in the gingiva associated with T regulatory (Treg) cell expansion.
  • - Experiments with K14-RANKL mice, which overexpress RANKL in gingival cells, revealed that increased RANKL leads to a favorable balance of immune cells
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lipid-based nanomaterials are used as a common delivery vehicle for RNA therapeutics. They typically include a formulation containing ionizable cationic lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and a small molar fraction of PEGylated lipids. The ionizable cationic lipids are considered a crucial element of the formulation for the way they mediate interactions with the anionic RNA as a function of pH.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Supramolecular materials provide a pathway for achieving precise, highly ordered structures while exhibiting remarkable response to external stimuli, a characteristic not commonly found in covalently bonded materials. The design of self-assembled materials, where properties could be predicted/design from chemical nature of the individual building blocks, hinges upon our ability to relate macroscopic properties to individual building blocks - a feat which has thus far remained elusive. Here, a design approach is demonstrated to chemically engineer the thermal expansion coefficient of 2D supramolecular networks by over an order of magnitude (\boldmath 120 to \boldmath 1000 × 10 K).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Hand eczema is a common skin problem that can be painful and make it hard for people to work, and there isn’t a clear treatment plan agreed on by doctors in the UK.
  • This study aimed to compare two treatments, alitretinoin and ultraviolet therapy, to see which works better after 12 weeks for patients with severe hand eczema that didn't improve with regular medicine.
  • The results showed that while both treatments helped, alitretinoin was less effective than ultraviolet therapy in reducing the severity of the eczema after 12 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Natural scenes present challenges due to their dynamic nature, making reliable visual processing difficult for computer vision but not for animals like Drosophila.
  • The study identifies specific neurons responsible for rapid luminance gain control, allowing for stable visual processing in changing light conditions.
  • The mechanism involves divisive normalization through spatial pooling and shunting inhibition, suggesting that flies have evolved efficient ways to handle varying luminosity in their environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

acFibroMASH Index for the Diagnosis of Fibrotic MASH and Prediction of Liver-related Events: An International Multicenter Study.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

October 2024

MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Scientists studied a health problem called MASH, which affects people's livers, and worked on two tests to help doctors tell if someone has it.
  • They looked at data from over 3,000 people to make sure their first test, called acMASH, worked well, and then created a new test called acFibroMASH to find more severe cases.
  • The new acFibroMASH test was better at predicting who might have future liver problems compared to another test, showing it's a useful tool for doctors to keep patients healthy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF