Abdominal Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly suited for abdominal pathologies. A precise co-registration of anatomic and metabolic data is possible thanks to the simultaneous acquisition, leading to accurate imaging. The literature shows that PET/MRI is at least as good as PET/CT and even superior for some indications, such as primary hepatic tumors, distant metastasis evaluation, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Augmented renal clearance. An unnoticed relevant event.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon that can lead to a therapeutic failure of those drugs of renal clearance. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of ARC in the critically ill patient, to study the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) throughout the follow-up and analyze the concordance between the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimation formula and measured GFR. Observational, prospective, multicenter study.

A Case of in an Immunocompromised Patient with Diarrhea.

According to recent literature, 95.4% of the strains associated with human clinical cases correspond to four species: , , and However, other less prevalent species such as are also described from clinical samples. Based on its low incidence, the latter species can be regarded as rare and it is the only species susceptible to ampicillin.

Metastatic Basosquamous Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Clinicopathological Considerations.

Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare cutaneous tumor considered by some authors as an aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma having a propensity for local recurrence and a potential risk for regional and distant metastatic spread. Herein we present 2 cases of basosquamous carcinoma of head and neck region, with metastatic spread to parotid gland (case 1) and to cervical nodes (case 2). Both patients had recurrence 2 years after initial treatment of the primary lesion (first patient: surgery; second patient: radiotherapy) and at the same time developed regional metastases.

promoter is frequently methylated in pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic carcinomas or periampullary tumors.

Early detection of pancreatic and periampullary neoplasms is critical to improve their clinical outcome. The present authors previously demonstrated that DNA hypermethylation of and promoters is frequently detected in pancreatic tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to assess their prevalence in pancreatic juice of carcinomas of the pancreas and periampullary area.

Incidence and risk conditions of ischemic stroke in older adults.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate incidence and mortality from ischemic stroke in older adults with specific underlying chronic conditions, evaluating the influence of these conditions in developing stroke.

Materials & Methods: Population-based cohort study involving 27,204 individuals ≥60 years old in Southern Catalonia, Spain. All cases of hospitalization from ischemic stroke (confirmed by neuro-imaging) were collected from 01/12/2008 until 30/11/2011.

Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing acute otitis media among children in Southern Catalonia throughout 2007-2013: Incidence, serotype distribution and vaccine's effectiveness.

Objective: This study investigated incidence and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing acute otitis media (AOM) in Catalonian children, evaluating vaccination effectiveness in the current era of extended valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

Methods: Population-based surveillance study that included all AOM cases with isolation of pneumococcus (from otic fluids/otorrea) identified among children ≤14 years in the region of Tarragona (Southern Catalonia, Spain) from 01/01/2007 to 31/12/2013. Prevalence of infections caused by serotypes covered by the different PCVs formulations were calculated for the periods before and after 30/06/2010 (date of PCV7/PCV13 replacement).

Prognostic value of brachioradialis muscle oxygen saturation index and vascular occlusion test in septic shock patients.

Objectives: To compare rSO2 (muscle oxygen saturation index) static and dynamic variables obtained by NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) in brachioradialis muscle of septic shock patients and its prognostic implications.

Design: Prospective and observational study.

Setting: Intensive care unit.

Influence of chronic illnesses and underlying risk conditions on the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults.

Objective: To investigate hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults with specific underlying chronic conditions, evaluating the influence of these conditions in developing pneumonia.

Methods: Population-based cohort study involving 27,204 individuals ≥ 60 years old in Southern Catalonia, Spain. All cases of hospitalization from pneumococcal pneumonia (bacteremic and nonbacteremic) were collected since 01/12/2008 until 30/11/2011.

Cholelithiasis presented as chronic right back pain.

Chronic right back pain is a symptom in both biliary lithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. Ten percent of the population in the world suffers from biliary lithiasis. Only 20% are symptomatic.

Evaluating the clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in preventing myocardial infarction: The CAPAMIS study, three-year follow-up.

Background: Cardiovascular benefits using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) are controversial. This study assessed clinical effectiveness of PPV23 in preventing acute myocardial infarction in people over 60-years.

Methodology: We conducted a population-based cohort study involving 27,204 individuals ≥60 years-old in Tarragona, Spain, who were prospectively followed from 01/12/2008 until 30/11/2011.

Neurogenic temporomandibular joint dislocation treated with botulinum toxin: report of 4 cases.

Many patients suffer recurrent episodes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation due to an excess of muscle contraction or spasticity in the depressor muscles of the jaw. The manual repositioning using the Nelaton maneuver is the first treatment. Occasionally, it may be necessary to use sedation or general anesthesia to achieve the desired muscle relaxation.

Prognostic value of apoptosis in breast cancer (pT1-pT2). A TUNEL, p53, bcl-2, bag-1 and Bax immunohistochemical study.

Apoptosis or programmed cell death produces cells breaking into several fragments of nuclei, cytoplasm or both nuclei and cytoplasm, known as apoptotic bodies which can be visualized in haematoxylin-eosin staining. Some genes (promoters and suppressors) control this process and certain mutations may induce the expression of abnormal proteins, which can be detected by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis can be detected by the TUNEL method either identifying apoptotic bodies or cells at the initial stages of the fragmentation process.

Prognostic value of p53 protein expression and clinicopathological factors in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. A study of 192 patients.

The p53 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17. It encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein (p53) found in scant amounts in normal tissue. Mutations of the p53 gene have been reported in different human tumours.

Tissue factor levels and high ratio of fibrinopeptide A:D-dimer as a measure of endothelial procoagulant disorder in pre-eclampsia.

To assess coagulation activation and endothelial cell injury in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnant women, a comparison was made of plasma levels of tissue factor, fibronectin, fibrinopeptide A and D-dimer. Samples were taken from 50 nonpregnant women, 40 normotensive pregnant women in the third trimester and 27 women with pre-eclampsia after diagnosis and before treatment. High levels of fibrinopeptide A and D-dimer were found in pre-eclamptic women.

Tumor embolism after pneumonectomy for primary pulmonary neoplasia.

We report a case of tumor embolism of the lower right extremity after right pneumonectomy. This is an infrequent complication and in most cases occurs during the intraoperative or immediate postoperative period. Our patient underwent surgery for primary pulmonary neoplasia (squamous cell carcinoma) and 4 hours later showed clinical signs of acute arterial occlusion in the lower right extremity.

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrium as superficial extension of cervical carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the endometrium, either primary or secondary extending from the cervix, are rare. We report a 52-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix associated with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrium. The patient had received pelvic cobalt therapy 10 years earlier.