Modulating the blood-brain barrier in CNS disorders: A review of the therapeutic implications of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC).

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an essential stromal cell protein, plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and maintaining endothelial barrier function. This protein is expressed by diverse cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, with increased expression found in regions of tissues undergoing active remodeling, repair, and proliferation. The role of SPARC in non-neural tissues is of significant interest.

Association Between Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Scores and Heart Failure in a General Population.

Background: The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease is firmly established, yet the association between noninvasive liver fibrosis scores and cardiovascular events remains a topic of uncertainty. Our study aimed to explore the association between liver fibrosis and heart failure.

Methods And Results: The data set was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018.

Progress in the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy in chronic cerebral ischemic neuronal injury.

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a common clinical syndrome that can impact various cerebrovascular diseases. Its pathological mechanism of injury involves energy imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and many other processes. Neuronal damage occurs in a complex and multifaceted manner.

Present and future use of exosomes containing proteins and RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases for synaptic function regulation: A comprehensive review.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are increasingly prevalent with global aging, demanding effective treatments. Exosomes, which contain biological macromolecules such as RNA (including miRNAs) and proteins like α-synuclein, tau, and amyloid-beta, are gaining attention as innovative therapeutics. This comprehensive review systematically explores the potential roles of exosomes in NDDs, with a particular focus on their role in synaptic dysfunction.

Chemokines play a role in nerve damage and neuroprotection in vascular dementia.

Various Chemotactic Factors (FCs) play different roles in neuronal injury in vascular dementia. CXCL5 and CCL11 exacerbate neurological injury by promoting inflammatory responses. CXCL12/SDF-1 and CX3CL1 play neuroprotective roles.

Research progress on high-concentration oxygen therapy after cerebral hemorrhage.

Recently, the role of high-concentration oxygen therapy in cerebral hemorrhage has been extensively discussed. This review describes the research progress in high-concentration oxygen therapy after cerebral hemorrhage. High-concentration oxygen therapy can be classified into two treatment methods: hyperbaric and normobaric high-concentration oxygen therapy.

The Role of the Complement System in Synaptic Pruning after Stroke.

Stroke is a serious disease that can lead to local neurological dysfunction and cause great harm to the patient's health due to blood cerebral circulation disorder. Synaptic pruning is critical for the normal development of the human brain, which makes the synaptic circuit completer and more efficient by removing redundant synapses. The complement system is considered a key player in synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disease.

The neuroprotective effects of normobaric oxygen therapy after stroke.

Background: Stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, is a severe and prevalent acute cerebrovascular disease. The development of hypoxia following stroke can trigger a cascade of pathological events, including mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, all of which are often associated with unfavorable prognosis. Nonetheless, a noninvasive intervention, referred to as normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), is known to have neuroprotective effects against stroke.

The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia.

With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline.

Revolutionizing digestive system tumor organoids research: Exploring the potential of tumor organoids.

Digestive system tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite ongoing research, our understanding of their mechanisms and treatment remain inadequate. One promising tool for clinical applications is the use of gastrointestinal tract tumor organoids, which serve as an important in vitro model.

Current evidence of synaptic dysfunction after stroke: Cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Background: Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which brain tissue is damaged due to sudden obstruction of blood flow to the brain or the rupture of blood vessels in the brain, which can prompt ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. After stroke onset, ischemia, hypoxia, infiltration of blood components into the brain parenchyma, and lysed cell fragments, among other factors, invariably increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the inflammatory response, and brain edema. These changes lead to neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction, the latter of which poses a significant challenge to stroke treatment.

High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging provides new insights into Moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare condition that affects the blood vessels of the central nervous system. This cerebrovascular disease is characterized by progressive narrowing and blockage of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries, which results in the formation of a compensatory fragile vascular network. Currently, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing MMD.

Exploring a specialized programmed-cell death patterns to predict the prognosis and sensitivity of immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma via machine learning.

The mortality and therapeutic failure in cutaneous melanoma (CM) are mainly caused by wide metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Meanwhile, immunotherapy is considered a crucial therapy strategy for CM patients. However, the efficiency of currently available methods and biomarkers in predicting the response of immunotherapy and prognosis of CM is limited.

Construction of a Hair Implantation Needle Using Injection Needles and Assessment of its Efficiency Compared with Other Planting Methods.

Introduction: Hair transplantation surgery requires the efficient completion of hair follicles and thus appropriate hair implantation needles. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of self-made hair implantation needles using injection needles and evaluate the speed of different hair implantation methods.

Methods: Four patients were randomly assigned to four groups.

Skin-Tarsus-Skin Combined with Orbicularis-Tarsus-Orbicularis Fixation Technique Creates a Double Eyelid: A Case Series.

Background: The skin-tarsus-skin and orbicularis-tarsus-orbicularis fixation methods are widely used in double-eyelid surgery. Both methods have limitations. In this study, the two surgical methods were integrated and applied to form a stable double eyelid that mimics the natural physiological structure with minimal visible scarring.

Normobaric hyperoxia alleviates complement C3-mediated synaptic pruning and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease, and the complement cascade exacerbates brain injury after ICH. As the most abundant component of the complement system, complement component 3 (C3) plays essential roles in all three complement pathways. However, the effects of C3 on neurological impairment and brain injury in ICH patients and the related mechanism have not been fully elucidated.

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia.

Vascular dementia (VD) is a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. Its pathological mechanism encompasses neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy.

The role and mechanism of RNA-binding proteins in bone metabolism and osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic metabolic bone disease that poses a significant risk of fractures or mortality in elderly individuals. Its pathophysiological basis is often attributed to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and natural aging, making the progression of primary osteoporosis among elderly people, especially older women, seemingly inevitable. The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis progression have been extensively discussed.

Mechanisms and therapeutic targets of mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. In addition to regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, clearance of damaged organelles, signaling, and cell survival in the context of injury and pathology. In stroke, the mechanisms underlying brain injury secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage are complex and involve cellular hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis.

Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications.

Cancer has become an increasingly important public health issue owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional treatment methods are relatively effective, they have limitations such as highly toxic side effects, easy drug resistance, and high individual variability. Meanwhile, emerging therapies remain limited, and their actual anti-tumor effects need to be improved.

Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan in skin regeneration: A review.

Skin regeneration is the process that restores damaged tissues. When the body experiences trauma or surgical incisions, the skin and tissues on the wound surface become damaged. The body repairs this damage through complex physiological processes to restore the original structural and functional states of the affected tissues.