Perceived Age Discrimination has Different Effects on Japanese People's Wellbeing Based on Age Groups.

This study elucidates the direct and indirect effects of perceived age discrimination on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among young, middle-aged, and older adults-through the mediator variables of psychosocial resources and aging stereotypes. Data were collected through a web-based survey conducted in Japan. The total sample size was 2400: 400 men and women in each of the age groups 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79.

Feasibility of Assessment of Habitual Salt Intake Using a 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion Self-Measuring Device.

Introduction: To assess habitual salt intake, tools are needed to measure 24-h urinary salt excretion repeatedly. We developed and validated a new portable salt monitor, which measures salt excreted per urination and sums the values to provide an accurate estimate of urinary salt excretion over 24 h.

Methods: A previously developed salt monitor was improved with respect to the capacity, volume sensors, and equation for urinary sodium chloride concentration estimation.

Unveiling the Threat of Maternal Advanced Glycation End Products to Fetal Muscle: Palmitoleic Acid to the Rescue.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the plasma of pregnant women with hyperglycemia, potentially inducing oxidative stress and fetal developmental abnormalities. Although intrauterine hyperglycemia has been implicated in excessive fetal growth, the effects of maternal AGEs on fetal development remain unclear. We evaluated the differentiation regulators and cellular signaling in the skeletal muscles of infants born to control mothers (ICM), diabetic mothers (IDM), and diabetic mothers supplemented with either cis-palmitoleic acid (CPA) or trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA).

Effects of pH and salt concentration on freeze-thaw fractionation of soymilk protein.

Background: The two major storage proteins of soymilk are the globulins 7S and 11S. Freeze-thaw fractionation is a simple method for separating these proteins in raw soymilk. In this study, we assessed the freeze-thaw fractionation ability of raw soymilk under various pH (4.

Gap between the concerns of healthcare professionals and parents' perceptions regarding dietary habits for 18-month- and 3-year-old children in Japan.

Background: A gap has been reported between healthcare professionals' (hereafter "professionals") recognition of preschool children's diets and parents' perception of concern. This study investigated the gap between the concerns reported by professionals and parents' perceptions regarding health and dietary habits by age (18 months and 3 years) and gender in Japan.

Methods: The study design consisted of a cross-sectional, multilevel survey.

Maternal n-7 Unsaturated Fatty Acids Protect the Fetal Brain from Neuronal Degeneration in an Intrauterine Hyperglycemic Animal Model.

We previously reported that glycation induces insulin resistance in the hearts of newborn pups from a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rat model. Administration of n-3 unsaturated fatty acids suppressed glycation and improved signaling in GDM rat pups. In this study, we investigated their effects on cranial neurons using the GDM rat model and PC12 cells derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytomas.

[Psychosocial mediators between socioeconomic status and oral health among urban-dwelling older adults].

Objectives　This study examined the psychosocial mediators that most effectively mediate the socioeconomic status (SES)-based differences in oral health (OH) among urban-dwelling older adults.Methods　A representative sample of individuals aged ≥65 years living in two areas with different residential SES in Tokyo produced 739 effective participants. OH was based on the total score of subjective sense of health, number of remaining teeth, and oral function.

Face-to-trait inferences in Japanese children and adults based on Caucasian faces.

Recently, many studies have indicated that humans make social evaluations from facial appearances instantaneously and automatically. Furthermore, such judgments play an important role in several social contexts. However, the mechanisms involved in the ability to form impressions from faces are still unknown, as is the extent to which these can be regarded as universal in perceiving impressions.

Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Japanese: Do Urbanization and Time Period Matter?

Objectives: Previous research has suggested cross-national differences in the association between living alone and well-being among older adults. This study examined whether the association varied across social contexts within the country, Japan, in terms of varying degree of urbanization and differential time periods.

Methods: Data were obtained from a nine-wave nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and over.

Mealtime Regularity Is Associated with Dietary Balance among Preschool Children in Japan-A Study of Lifestyle Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably impacted children's lives. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pandemic affected mealtime regularity among preschool children and whether maintaining regular mealtimes or changes in mealtime regularity during the pandemic were related to dietary balance, including chronological relationships. This online cross-sectional survey involving individuals registered with a company that provides meals to children aged 2-6 years was conducted in February 2021.

Big Five Personality Traits, Social Networks, and Depression Among Older Adults in Japan: A Multiple Mediation Analysis.

This study examines the mediating effect of social network size on depression among older adults in Japan in association with the Big Five personality traits: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 739 older adults (Mean age = 75.13,  = 6.

Mediators of Life-Course and Late-Life Financial Strain on Late-Life Health in Japan: Based on a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: Few studies have examined together the psychosocial mediators of how life-course and late-life socioeconomic status (SES) influence late-life health. This study explored psychosocial mediators of influences of not only life-course but also late-life financial strain on late-life health in Japan, using a cross-sectional survey. It was hypothesized that: 1) both life-course and late-life financial strain will influence late-life health through common mediators, and 2) such mediating influences will be large on health indicators strongly related to psychosocial resources, such as depressive tendencies and self-rated health.

Antecedents of the Attitudes Toward Singlehood Among Young Adults in Malaysia, Japan, and India.

With both theories and empirical studies supporting the benefits of having a romantic relationship, there remains an increasing tendency of staying single being documented globally. It is thus important to understand the antecedent factors of such voluntary single movement. Guided by the Investment Model of Commitment (IMC) process, the roles of subjective socioeconomic status (SSES), relational mobility, and desirability of control in attitudes toward singlehood were investigated.

Factors influencing the retention of secondary midwives at health centres in rural areas in Cambodia: the role of gender-a qualitative study.

Background: Retention of skilled midwives is crucial to reducing maternal mortality in rural areas; hence, Cambodia has been trying to retain at least one secondary midwife who can provide basic emergency obstetric care at every health centre even in rural areas. The factors influencing the retention of midwives, but not solely secondary midwives, have been identified; however, the security issues that affected female health workers during the conflict and the post-conflict years and gender issues have been unexplored. This study explores these and other potential factors influencing secondary midwife retention and their significance.

Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Tremor: The Forward Model-Related Tremor and the Inferior Olive Oscillation-Related Tremor.

Lesions in the Guillain-Mollaret (G-M) triangle frequently cause various types of tremors or tremor-like movements. Nevertheless, we know relatively little about their generation mechanisms. The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), which is a primary node of the triangle, has two main output paths: the primary excitatory path to the thalamus, the red nucleus (RN), and other brain stem nuclei, and the secondary inhibitory path to the inferior olive (IO).

Effects of omega-7 palmitoleic acids on skeletal muscle differentiation in a hyperglycemic condition.

Maternal obesity and diabetes are known to be involved in fetal myogenesis, but the later stages of myogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of a hyperglycemic environment on L6 skeletal myoblast differentiation and the function of omega-7 palmitoleic acids. Exposure to a high concentration of glucose (25 mM) in high-glucose culture medium (HG) increased the expression of myogenic genes (MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, Myhc2x, and Myhc2a) and the synthesis of myosin.

Development of derivatization reagents bearing chiral 4-imidazolidinone for distinguishing primary amines from other amino acids and application to the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of miso.

We designed and synthesized three novel derivatization reagents bearing chiral 4-imidazolidinone, namely succinimidyl 2-(3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methyl, ethyl, and -phenyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl)acetates (CIMs), for use in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The CIMs were able to discriminate primary amines from other compounds such as secondary amines and phenols, based on their unique m/z reduction of precursor ion to form product ion in MS/MS. As amino acid derivatization reagents, the CIMs were compared in terms of enantioseparation of amino acid and detection sensitivity.

[THE STATUS OF ADMISSION TO FACILITIES FOR CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGIES].

Background: To clarify the status of admission to facilities for food allergy (FA) children.

Methods: Guardians of FA children who underwent oral food challenges at Sagamihara National Hospital from September to December 2018 were enrolled. We surveyed the experience of refusal to enter facilities, the reason for refusal and so on using a self-administered questionnaire.