Optimization of the extraction process of goji berry pectin using response surface methodology and its suitability as thickener for yogurt.

Although goji berry with many main biological activity components is a nutritional medicinal and edible plan and widespread in the northeast of China, its current development also faces a new challenge of overcapacity. So this study was largely focused to investigate the optimal extraction process conditions (extraction water proportion, acidic pH regulating reagent, adjusted pH, extraction temperature, extraction time) for goji berry with increased yield. Box Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to model the mathematical model of the relationship between the three main influence of pivotal extraction parameters (extraction pH, extraction time and extraction temperature) selected by the single factor experiments on the responses of goji berry pectin yield (%).

Oncostatin M promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Oncostatin M (OSM) may be involved in the promotion of mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos CRSwNP) by inducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and -7. The aim was to evaluate the roles and mechanisms of action of OSM on MMP-1 and -7 synthesis from nasal epithelial cells (NECs).

Methods: OSM, OSM receptor (OSMR), MMP-1 and -7 expression was evaluated in nasal mucosa or primary NECs from scrapings by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.

Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 7-thiazolo[3,2-]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one derivatives.

Based on the observed biological activity of 1,2,4-triazin-5-one derivatives and their cyclic analogues, a novel series of 7-thiazolo[3,2-]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one derivatives that contain ester moiety compounds carboxylic acid moiety compounds and piperazine amide moiety compounds at position-3 of the thiazolotriazinone scaffold were synthesized. The intermolecular cyclization occurred regioselectively at N2-position of 1,2,4-triazine ring was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The biological activities of the target compounds were assayed against some bacterial strains.

Identification and analysis of microRNA editing events in recurrent bladder cancer based on RNA sequencing: MicroRNA editing level is a potential novel biomarker.

With the continued advancement of RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing), microRNA (miRNA) editing events have been demonstrated to play an important role in different malignancies. However, there is yet no description of the miRNA editing events in recurrent bladder cancer. To identify and compare miRNA editing events in primary and recurrent bladder cancer, as well as to investigate the potential molecular mechanism and its impact on patient prognosis.

Targeted delivery of nuclear targeting probe for bladder cancer using cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDfK) and acridine orange.

Purpose: Both cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDfK) and acridine orange (AO) exhibit antitumor effects and cell permeability. This study aimed to evaluate the nuclear targeting efficiency and safety of the nuclear targeting probe for bladder cancer (BCa) synthesized by c(RGDfK) and AO.

Methods: The nuclear targeting probe AO-(cRGDfK) was synthesized from AO hydrochloride, azided c(RGDfK), and a near-infrared skeleton synthesized via click chemistry reactions.

Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside improves immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in cyclophosphamide treated mice.

Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside (VR) is an important active substance in hawthorn, which is widely used as a food or functional food raw material; however, its immunomodulatory activities have not been extensively studied. In this study, BALB/c mice immunocompromised by cyclophosphamide (CY) were used as models to explore the effects of VR on the immunity and antioxidant capacity of mice. The results revealed that VR can restore weight to the immunosuppressed mice to varying degrees, improve spleen and thymus injury, and restore peripheral blood levels.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) binds to HIF-1α and sustains HIF-1α protein stability to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell glycolysis under hypoxic stress.

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is essential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) glycolysis and progression. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a powerful regulator and is overexpressed in many cancers, including HCC. The regulatory mechanism of YAP and HIF-1α in HCC glycolysis is unknown.

Promotion of glycolysis by HOTAIR through GLUT1 upregulation via mTOR signaling.

The long non-coding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) plays a key role in the progression of various carcinomas. However, whether or not HOTAIR influences glucose metabolism and the specific underlying mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. In the present study, we found markedly increased HOTAIR expression in 84 HCC tissues and demonstrated that HOTAIR overexpression promoted cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8.

NGF promotes mouse granulosa cell proliferation by inhibiting ESR2 mediated down-regulation of CDKN1A.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to play key roles in ovarian follicular development, such as the assembly of early follicles and follicular ovulation through its high-affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor A (trkA). Herein, the molecular mechanism controlling NGF-induced granulosa cell (GC) proliferation was not clear. In this study, we found that NGF is abundant in preantral GCs and knockdown of trkA in GCs attenuated NGF-induced GC proliferation and further decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2).

[Effects of kappa-opioid receptor stimulation on high glucose induced myocardial hypertrophy of neonatal rats].

Objective: To observe the effects of kappa-opioid receptor stimulation on high glucose induced myocardial hypertrophy of neonatal rats.

Methods: Using cultured myocardial cells as a model, the protein content was assayed with Lowrys method. The cardiomyocytes volumes were measured by computer photograph analysis system.

[A study of the relationship between remodeling of left ventricle and endothelial injury and pro-inflammatory mediators in different stages of essential hypertension].

Objective: To explore the relationship between left ventricular remodeling and vascular endothelial injury and pro-inflammatory mediators in different stages of essential hypertension.

Methods: Patients were grouped in according to the duration of the disease. The control group consisted of patients with history of hypertension for 6 months to 1 year (35 cases), patients with a history of 3 years were categorized as group A (38 cases), patients with 5-year history as group B (32 cases), 8-year history as group C (33 cases), 13-year history as group D (34 cases), 15-year history as group E (32 cases).

[Circulated extraction of flavonoids from Glechoma longituba by ultrasonic wave].

Objective: To investigate the optimum condition of extraction for the flavonoids in Glechoma longituba by ultrasonic wave.

Method: Using orthogonal test, the effects of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, extraction temperature and solvent concentration were considered, the comprehensive evaluation was guided by the content of the flavonoids determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Result: The optimum condition was as follow: ultrasonic power; 800 W, ultrasonic time 90 min, extraction temperature 40 degrees C, solvent concentration 65%.

kappa-opioid receptor stimulation inhibits cardiac hypertrophy induced by beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the rat.

To test the hypothesis that kappa-opioid receptor stimulation inhibits cardiac hypertrophy induced by beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation, we determined the effects of trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate salt (U50,488H), a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, on cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline, a selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in neonatal ventricular myocytes upon blockade of beta2-adrenoceptor. Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes was determined by increases in (i) total protein content; (ii) [3H]leucine incorporation; and iii) cell size. 10 micromol/l isoprenaline increased all three parameters.

[Genetic polymorphism of 15 STR loci in a Lhasa Tibetan population].

The polymorphism distributions of 15 STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) were investigated in a Lhasa Tibetan population by multiplex PCR amplification using five fluorochromes (6FAM, VIC, NED, PET, LIZ). Gene frequency, discrimination power (DP), heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC) and probability of paternity exclusion (EPP) were calculated, and all loci were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results indicate that the gene frequency of these 15 STR loci is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

[Effect of cortical spreading depression on spontaneous firing activities of STN neurons in rats].

Aim: To observe the effect of cortical spreading depression (CSD) on the spontaneous firing activities of neurons of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in normal and model rat of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Extracellular recording was used to research the neuronal electric activities in subthalamic neurons. The changes of the discharge rates of subthalamic neurons were observed in control and PD rats after intracortical microinjection of KCl solution.

[Relationship between MC4R gene polymorphyism and body weight trait in beagle dogs].

The relationship between MC4R gene polymorphism and body weight in beagle dogs was analyzed. Using gene-specific primers based on canine MC4R exonic sequences a gene fragment was PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced to identify potential polymorphisms. The relationship between a MC4R gene polymorphism detected by PCR-RFLP and canine body weight was analyzed.

Effects of sodium ferulate on amyloid-beta-induced MKK3/MKK6-p38 MAPK-Hsp27 signal pathway and apoptosis in rat hippocampus.

Aim: To observe the effects of sodium ferulate (SF) on amyloid beta (Abeta)1-40-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway and the neuroprotective effects of SF.

Methods: Rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with Abeta1-40. Six hours after injection, Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) 3/MKK6, phospho-p38 MAPK, interleukin (IL)-1beta, phospho-MAPK activating protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK-2), the 27 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp27), procaspase-9, -3, and -7 cleavage, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.

[Development of a novel in-vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis and expression of osteoblast cytoskeleton].

Objective: To establish a novel in-vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis, and to understand the the changes of cytoskeleton of osteoblasts under different magnitudes of mechanical distraction.

Methods: A novel in-vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis was developed with titanium and silicon membrane. The expressions of F-actin cytoskeleton subjected to different magnitudes of distraction were observed in situ under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and protein levels of actin and tubulin alpha were analyzed by electrophoresis of Western blot.

[Effect of high glucose and high insulin on NE-induced cardiac hypertrophy of the cultured myocardial cells].

Aim: To study the effect of diabetes-like environment on the cardiac hypertrophy, cultured cardiomyocytes were used to study the effect of high insulin and high glucose on norepinephrine (NE)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods: Using cultured myocardial cells as a model, the cellular hypertrophy was observed. The contracting frequency was counted by the inverted microscope, the protein content was assayed with Lowry's method, the cardiomyocytes' volumes were measured by computer photograph analysis system, the protein synthesis was assayed with [3H] leucine intake method.

[The research on the relationship between the polymorphism of T105A locus in MC1R gene and coat color in dogs].

In order to detect the polymorphism of T105A in MC1R gene in dogs and to analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of dog coat color, the blood samples of 111 cross-breed dogs were taken and their genomic DNAs were extracted. The phenotypes of dog coat color were recorded. The T105A locus of MC1R gene in the canine was detected through the technology of PCR-RFLP.

[Effects of injectio Salvia miltiorrhiza on gentamicin-induced free radical formation in guinea pig cochlea].

Aim: To investigate the effects of injectio Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) on gentamicin (GM)-induced free radical formation in guinea pig cochlea, and to explore possible mechanisms on GM-induced ototoxicity.

Methods: Biochemical assays of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in guinea pig cochlea, combined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement and transmission electron microscopic observation were used in this investigation.

Results: SOD activity was significantly declined while MDA content was distinctly increased in cochlear tissues after GM injection (P < 0.

Kappa-opioid receptor stimulation inhibits growth of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.

The effects of trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate salt (U50,488H), a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, on growth in neonatal ventricular myocytes were determined. In 15% serum culture medium, U50,488H at 0.1-1 microM significantly reduced the protein content, [3H]leucine uptake and cell size of the myocytes.

[Tracheoesophageal shunt for voice reconstruction after total laryngectomy to prevent from deglutition disorders].

Objective: To observe the effect of tracheoesophageal shunt on voice reconstruction after total laryngectomy.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with laryngeal cancer of T3 and T4 stages were conducted an operation of tracheoesophageal shunt after total laryngectomy. The vertical voiced slit with a length of 0.

Morphological changes induced in the pig kidney by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: nephron injury.

While shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is known to cause significant damage to the kidney, little is known about the initial injury to cells along the nephron. In this study, one kidney in each of six juvenile pigs (6-7 weeks old) was treated with 1,000 shock waves (at 24 kV) directed at a lower pole calyx with an unmodified HM-3 lithotripter. Three pigs were utilized as sham-controls.

[Study of the charge transfer reaction between clotrimazolum and alizarin red].

The charge transfer reaction between clotrimazolum and alizarin red was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction was achieved with good results in water-acetone solution. The apparent molar absorptivity is 8.