Drug Targets for Oxidative Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that affects as much as one-third of diabetic patients irrespective of the type of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the key trigger for DN that initiates a number of microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes in kidney architecture. Microscopic changes include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), tubular basement membrane (TBM), mesangial proliferation, arteriosclerosis, and glomerulotubular junction abnormalities (GTJA).

Acute hepatitis C virus infection related to capillary blood glucose meter.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 130-150 million people worldwide, becoming the major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. There are various preventable modes of transmission of HCV infection, including needlestick and sharps injuries. However, HCV infection secondary to needlestick injury by a capillary blood glucose meter (CBGM) lancet has not been previously well reported.

Chronic Renal Transplant Rejection and Possible Anti-Proliferative Drug Targets.

The global prevalence of renal transplants is increasing with time, and renal transplantation is the only definite treatment for end-stage renal disease. We have limited the acute and late acute rejection of kidney allografts, but the long-term survival of renal tissues still remains a difficult and unanswered question as most of the renal transplants undergo failure within a decade of their transplantation. Among various histopathological changes that signify chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), tubular atrophy, fibrous thickening of the arteries, fibrosis of the kidney interstitium, and glomerulosclerosis are the most important.

Disease Severity, Quality of Life, and Psychiatric Morbidity in Patients With Psoriasis With Reference to Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Clinical Variables: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study From Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic disease with a genetic background that involves skin, nails, and joints. The incidence of psoriasis varies from 2.0% to 4.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for left sided gallbladder in situs inversus totalis.

Situs inversus totalis is a rare condition affecting intra abdominal and intra thoracic organs. Situs inversus usually remains asymptomatic. Life expectancy is normal in the absence of rare cardiac abnormalities.

Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study.

Introduction: South Asian population has a particularly high prevalence of thyroid disorders mainly due to iodine deficiency and goitrogen use. There is no data available for prevalence of thyroid disorders in the general population living in nonmountainous regions of Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2335 residents of Pak Pattan, Punjab, Pakistan were interviewed about demographic, dietary, medical and environmental history as well as screened for goiter.

Incidence of retinopathy in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha 2a and ribavirin combination therapy.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of retinopathy in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with Pegylated interferon alpha 2a and Ribavirin.

Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted in Medical Unit II of the Jinnah Hospital Lahore from September 2012 to February 2013. One hundred chronic hepatitis C patients visiting Medical Unit II outpatient department fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected for this study via non probability purposive sampling.

Mutations of human NARS2, encoding the mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cause nonsyndromic deafness and Leigh syndrome.

Here we demonstrate association of variants in the mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase NARS2 with human hearing loss and Leigh syndrome. A homozygous missense mutation ([c.637G>T; p.

Myocarditis leading to severe dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with dengue Fever.

Background. Majority of dengue fever cases follow a benign self-limiting course but recently rare presentations and complications are increasingly seen due to rising burden of disease. Cardiac involvement in dengue fever with fatal outcome is a very rare complication.

Correlation of CRP levels in third trimester with fetal birth weight in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and to determine its correlation with fetal birth weight.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Gynaecological Unit II of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from December 2011 to May 2012.

Severe maternal outcomes and their predictors among Pakistani women in the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health.

Objective: To determine the incidence of, and the demographic and obstetric factors associated with, severe maternal outcome (SMO) among women presenting at healthcare facilities in Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 healthcare facilities across Pakistan that had been selected for the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn health. The hospital records of women who delivered at a participating facility or were admitted with SMO (defined as maternal death or near miss) within 7 days of delivery/abortion were reviewed for a period of 2-3 months in 2011.

Perceptions of doctors on being treated by a doctor just completing the house job.

Objective: To determine the percentage of medical teachers and fresh doctors who feel that graduating doctors are competent or incompetent to handle common ailments and to evaluate the reasons for their perceptions.

Study Design: Sequential mixed method.

Place And Duration Of Study: First phase extending from December 2010 to December 2011 and second phase was conducted in March 2014.

RIPASA score: a new diagnostic score for diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of RIPASA score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis using histopathology as a gold standard.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Kohat, from September 2011 to March 2012.

Challenges and solutions for gene identification in the presence of familial locus heterogeneity.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of exomes and genomes has accelerated the identification of genes involved in Mendelian phenotypes. However, many NGS studies fall short of identifying causal variants, with estimates for success rates as low as 25% for uncovering the pathological variant underlying disease etiology. An important reason for such failures is familial locus heterogeneity, where within a single pedigree causal variants in two or more genes underlie Mendelian trait etiology.

Crystal structure of (E)-2-[(4-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)aza-nium-yl]benzoate.

The title Schiff base, C14H11NO3, crystallizes as a zwitterion (i.e. proton transfer from the carb-oxy-lic acid group to the imine N atom).

Long-term sensation in the medial plantar flap: a two-centre study.

Background: Reconstruction in the foot and ankle region is challenging. This study aimed to quantify objective sensation return when a sensate medial plantar flap is used for like-for-like reconstruction of foot and ankle defects.

Methods: Two-point discrimination (2PD) was assessed in flap and normal tissue at a minimum of 1 year post-operatively.

Paradoxical respiratory sinus arrhythmia due to a large thoracic empyema in an ambulatory patient.

We report a case of paradoxical respiratory sinus arrhythmia (PRSA) caused by a retro-cardiac empyema in an ambulatory patient. The case describes the dynamics and deleterious impact of PRSA on cardio-respiratory cycle, its electrocardiographic, radiologic and echocardiographic findings. Furthermore, it discusses a probable mechanism of paradoxical respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the setting of a retrocardiac mass and suggests a need for physicians to check for the changes in ventilation perfusion mismatch and rise in physiological dead space in such patients.

Mucocele of appendix secondary to mucinous cystadenoma.

Mucocele of appendix is a rare disorder characterised by obstructive dilatation of the appendicular lumen by mucinous secretions. More commonly it is caused by mucinous cystadenoma and rarely by mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Patients are often asymptomatic and may sometimes present with acute appendicitis.

Myopericarditis as a complication of nonspecific colitis.

Patient: Male, 31 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Myopericarditis Symptoms: Abdominal pain • diarrhea

Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Cardiology.

Objective: Unusual setting of medical care.

Background: Myopericarditis is a condition involving inflammation of the pericardium and myocardium.

Deaths due to dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.

Objective: We conducted this study to review deaths due to dengue fever (DF) during a large outbreak of DF in Lahore, Pakistan.

Methods: We reviewed deaths due to DF at Jinnah Hospital Lahore between August and November 2011. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted.

An outbreak of pyrimethamine toxicity in patients with ischaemic heart disease in Pakistan.

We investigated an outbreak of darkening of skin, bleeding from multiple sites, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in ischaemic heart disease patients. Case patients were defined as patients who had received medicines from the pharmacy of Punjab Institute of Cardiology between 1 December 2011 and 12 January 2012 and who developed any one of the following: darkening of skin, bleeding from any site, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Clinical and drug-related data were abstracted.

An unusual cause of stroke in a young female.

Takayasu arteritis is a granulomatous vasculitis of medium- to large-sized arteries. Initial presentation is usually with nonspecific constitutional symptoms, but unusually, it can present with acute ischemic features in the advanced disease. We present a case of a young Asian female who presented with acute stroke due to Takayasu arteritis.

Mutations in TBC1D24, a gene associated with epilepsy, also cause nonsyndromic deafness DFNB86.

Inherited deafness is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. We recently mapped DFNB86, a locus associated with nonsyndromic deafness, to chromosome 16p. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed with genomic DNA from affected individuals from three large consanguineous families in which markers linked to DFNB86 segregate with profound deafness.

Effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate eye gel in patients with dry eye disease: a multi-centre, open label, uncontrolled study.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate Eye Gel in Dry Eye Disease (DED) patients Methods: A Multi-center, Open-label, Uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted in different centers of Pakistan. Ten ophthalmologists conducted this study in which 250 diagnosed patients with dry eye disease were enrolled after obtaining a written informed consent. Ten patients were dropped out during the study period.

Effectiveness of platelet transfusion in dengue Fever: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Scientific data regarding effects of platelet transfusion on platelet count in dengue-related thrombocytopenia is scanty.

Methods: A single center, randomized non-blinded trial was conducted on adult patients with dengue fever and platelet counts less than 30,000/μl. Patients were randomized to treatment and control group.