Use of large language models as artificial intelligence tools in academic research and publishing among global clinical researchers.

With breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) in academic research has increased tremendously. Models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) are used by researchers in literature review, abstract screening, and manuscript drafting. However, these models also present the attendant challenge of providing ethically questionable scientific information.

Cemented Modular Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly.

Objective To determine the outcomes of cemented modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Methodology This prospective study involved 102 elderly patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed displaced femoral neck fractures and was conducted in the Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Unit-1, Services Hospital, Lahore. Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty was performed on all patients.

The Management of Osteoporosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shown a growing association with osteoporosis, comprising part of the broader CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD is marked by alterations in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D metabolism, significantly elevating fracture risk. While traditional osteoporosis treatments such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide have been adapted for CKD patients, recent innovations have introduced agents aimed at enhancing bone mass and reducing fracture incidence.

Awareness and Practices of Menstrual Hygiene Among Rural Adolescent Schoolgirls in Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Empowering adolescent girls with accurate data, a supportive environment, and access to resources is crucial for promoting their dignity and educational success, thereby enabling gender equity and social development in rural communities. Aim This research aims to assess the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in schools within the rural community of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology This research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design, with a survey conducted among 108 participants in Lakhodair Sharif Bakra Mandi, Lahore, Pakistan.

Analgesic efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block versus serratus anterior plane block in breast surgery-a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery are key interventions for breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Many undergoing breast surgery experience postoperative pain compromising their functionality and quality of life. While multiple pain management strategies are available, evidence comparing the erector spinae (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane blocks (SAPB) for improving post-surgical pain management in breast cancer surgery patients is limited.

Bidirectional Prime Editing: Combining Precision with Versatility for Genome Editing.

Genome editing techniques have potential to revolutionize the field of life sciences. Several limitations associated with traditional gene editing techniques have been resolved with the development of prime editors that precisely edit the DNA without double-strand breaks (DSBs). To further improve the efficiency, several modified versions of prime editing (PE) system have been introduced.

Mifepristone's Efficacy for Symptomatic Relief and Size Reduction in Uterine Fibroids: A 2023 Prospective Observational Study at Rabia Balkhi Hospital, Afghanistan.

Background Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are common benign tumors, affecting 70-80% of women by age 50, and can cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure, significantly impacting the quality of life. In severe cases, fibroids may lead to infertility or miscarriage, making their management a key healthcare challenge. Traditional treatments, including hysterectomy, may not be suitable for women wishing to preserve fertility or avoid surgery.

Correlation Between Transient Elastography and Non-invasive Biomarker Scores for the Detection of Liver Fibrosis.

Background and aim The study aimed to address the need for reliable and non-invasive biomarkers (NIBM) for detecting fibrosis among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods This was a diagnostic validation study executed at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The study was carried out from July 2023 to June 2024, enrolling a total of 88 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling.

Assessing the Efficacy of Novel Antiviral Therapies in Treating Hepatitis C.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health burden, with an estimated 58 million people chronically infected worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). While many people remain asymptomatic during the early stages of infection, chronic hepatitis C can cause long-term liver damage, significantly increasing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The primary objective of this technical report is to find the efficacy of novel antiviral therapies in treating hepatitis C in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore.

Relationship between resilience, social support and psychological well-being in nursing students.

Background: Nursing students face significant academic stress, often surpassing that of other disciplines, due to exposure to diverse clinical settings and challenging patient conditions. This stress can lead to psychological issues like anxiety and depression, impacting their well-being.

Aim And Methods: This study aimed to assess resilience and social support levels among 160 Generic BS Nursing students in five Public and Private nursing education institutions of Lahore, Pakistan and explore their relationship with psychological well-being by using a cross-sectional correlational study.

Assessing Mortality Disparities Among Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a major global health concern due to its association with increased mortality. While previous studies have indicated a link between NAFLD and mortality, variations in risk factors such as age, sex, and disease severity warrant a comprehensive meta-analysis to clarify these associations. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk associated with NAFLD, considering various subgroups defined by age, sex, disease severity, presence of cirrhosis or fibrosis, study quality, and follow-up duration.

Exploring the lived experiences of deep vein thrombosis patients in Lahore, Pakistan: a qualitative phenomenological study on healthcare challenges, resilience and social support.

Objective: This study aimed to explore and describe the lived psychological and emotional experiences of sufferers of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to narrate the effect of those experiences on their daily lives.

Design, Setting And Participants: For data collection, a phenomenological qualitative design was used using semistructured, in-depth interviews of patients with DVT aged 18-70 years. Data were transcribed and analysed using the interpretative inductive approach to identify emergent themes.

Correlation of Serum Albumin Levels With the Severity of Sepsis Among Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Background Sepsis is a critical and potentially fatal medical condition characterized by significant illness and death rates. Early recognition and assessment of sepsis severity are vital for its optimal management. Determination of its severity by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, is quite a complex process as these score systems require complex and costly investigations.

Outcomes and Adverse Effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Aortic valve disease and cancer are significant causes of mortality, especially in older populations. This meta-analysis addresses a critical question in the management of patients with both aortic valve disease and cancer. As these two conditions are major contributors to mortality, determining the best course of treatment can be complex.

Comparing Holotranscobalamin and Total Vitamin B12 in Diagnosing Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Megaloblastic Anemia Patients.

Background Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by abnormally large red blood cells caused by a deficiency in either vitamin B12 or folic acid, both of which are essential for DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 insufficiency can lead to severe neurological damage, making early identification of vitamin B12 deficiency crucial to prevent irreversible harm. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in decreased levels of holotranscobalamin (Holo-TC) and increased levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA).

Efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing cardiac events when given concomitantly with capecitabine for at least 3 months in various tumors.

Capecitabine is an oral pro-drug of 5-flourouracil used in treatment of different cancers. It has cardiotoxicity incidence of 3-35%, which can be significant enough to cause myocardial infarction. To evaluate the efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing cardiac events when given concomitantly with capecitabine for at least 3 months in various tumors.

Proton Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers.

Head and neck (HnN) cancers are among the most common cancers in the world. Proton therapy (PT) is one of the latest advancements in the treatment modalities of cancers. Proton therapy is specifically used to treat HnN cancer patients due to its less toxic effects on the surrounding critical structures.

Examining the Outcomes of Hybrid Coronary Revascularization in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients.

Background: Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a critical cardiovascular condition requiring timely intervention to restore coronary blood flow and minimize myocardial damage. While percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains the gold standard, it is often insufficient for patients with complex coronary anatomy, such as multivessel disease or left main coronary artery involvement. Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR), which combines PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), offers a novel approach to managing these complex cases.

Predictors of Ischemic Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a fatal complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Factors that speed up IS development after ACS are understudied, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Thus, this study was designed to identify the potential risk factors of IS in patients with a preceding episode of ACS.