Efficacy and safety of misoprostol compared with dinoprostone for labor induction at term: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Labor induction is a common obstetric intervention, increasingly performed worldwide, often using prostaglandins like misoprostol and dinoprostone.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravaginal misoprostol versus dinoprostone for inducing labor, examining their impact on various maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using four databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library-from January 2000 to April 2023.

Vaccine decision-making among pregnant women: a protocol for a cross-sectional mixed-method study in Brazil, Ghana, Kenya and Pakistan.

Maternal immunization is a critical strategy to prevent both maternal and infant morbidity and mortality from several infectious diseases. When the first COVID-19 vaccines became available during the pandemic, there was mixed messaging and confusion amongst the broader public and among those associated with health care systems about the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy in many countries. A multi-country, mixed-methods study is being undertaken to describe how vaccine decision-making occurs amongst pregnant and postpartum women, with a focus on COVID-19 vaccines.

Consensus guidelines for the management of intracranial meningioma for low- and middle-income countries.

Intra-cranial meningiomas represent the most common type of extra-axial brain tumour in adults. Characteristically slow-growing and often asymptomatic, these tumours may only require observation in some cases. However, lesions that cause a significant mass effect necessitate intervention, primarily through surgical means.

Frequency of domestic violence in pregnancy and its adverse maternal outcomes among Pakistani women.

Objective: To determine the frequency of domestic violence in pregnancy and its adverse maternal outcomes among Pakistani women.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective descriptive longitudinal study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from October 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaire was filled during an interview.

Antibiotic resistance trends in high-risk lineages of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: A study spanning pre to post COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the status of extensively drug-resistance (XDR) genotype in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) recovered during the pre to post COVID-19 pandemic period using Multiplex PCR.

Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out during five years.

Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective cohort study.

Background: There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment.

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled CYPs aged 5-21 years with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers.

Real-World Challenges of Managing Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Developing Country.

Purpose: To highlight challenges and cancer care disparities in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma management in resource-constrained settings.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 738 patients from 12 public and private sector hematology-oncology centers across Pakistan. Patients were divided into limited-resource and enhanced-resource settings as per national diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) guidelines.

Dengue Cases Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Late 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi.

Dengue Fever (DF) is an arboviral disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV). This study aims to assess the association of dengue prevalence with patients' residential areas and hematological laboratory findings (Total platelet count, immunoglobulins, and dengue antigens) during COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective study was conducted at the Emergency department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from October to December 2021.

Clinical Utility of S.T.O.N.E, Guy's Scoring System, and Renal Stone Complexity Scoring in Predicting Outcome of Single-Tract Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Background: Several imaging-based scores have been developed to predict postoperative stone-free state (SFS) and complications. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the S.T.

A rare case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in a 2-year-old boy case report.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is an uncommon condition present from birth that is marked by a combination of weakened muscles and multiple joint contractures. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy with AMC, who was born to consanguineous parents in Saudi Arabia. He presented with musculoskeletal abnormalities of all four limbs, including symmetric contractures in multiple joints of the body, bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip, and vertical talus.

Change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: To determine the change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, for 6 months from 10 Dec 2019 to 10 June 2020. Sample size calculation of 52 eyes was done by using open epi software.

One-year major adverse cardiovascular events among same-day discharged patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care cardiac centre in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective observational study.

Objective: Knowledge regarding the short-term outcomes after same-day discharge (SDD) post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking. In this study, we evaluated 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among SDD patients after primary PCI.

Design: 1-year follow-up analysis of a subset of patients from an existing prospective cohort study.

A marginal process of the zygomatic bone predicts a lateral exit of the zygomaticotemporal nerve: An anatomical study with application to surgery around the midface.

Previous studies have not verified the contents of accessory foramina of the zygomatic bone on dry skulls and thus could not conclude whether they carried accessory zygomaticofacial nerve branches or branches or the entire trunk of the zygomaticotemporal nerve (ZTN). Therefore, the aim of the current study is to present findings from cadaveric dissections to clarify this relationship. Fifty, fresh frozen, adult cadaveric sides underwent dissection of the ZTN.

Association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Southeast Asia.

An estimated 8 million people die each year from tobacco smoking, with an increasing frequency recently being observed in Southeast Asian countries, which is a preventable risk factor for mortality. NAFLD, fibrosis, advancement of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prognosis for those with severe liver disease are all negatively influenced. NAFLD and cigarette usage seem to be a direct link.

Isolated Primary Hydatid Disease Of The Breast.

Our study is relevant because our report adds further light on diagnosing and treating the isolated primary hydatid cyst disease of the breast. The purpose of this case report is to educate physicians and health care workers to keep this condition in the differential diagnosis of the breast lump even though the breast is a rare site of primary hydatid disease even in the endemic areas. Awareness of this entity can help in arriving at a pre-operative diagnosis, even without cytological examination, which is important in the management of the cyst.

Aseptic meningitis after 20 years of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a rare complication.

A transsphenoidal surgical (TSS) approach is used for pituitary gland surgery involving pituitary adenomas, as well as for the biopsy of various neurosurgical tumors. TSS, although a relatively safe procedure, can lead to complications like hypopituitarism, visual impairment, nasal septal perforation, diabetes insipidus, carotid artery injury, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Aseptic meningitis is also one of the complications of this procedure with an incidence of 1-2%, presenting with symptoms similar to bacterial meningitis, but with a low-grade fever of <102 F or even apyrexia.

Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Relating immune impact of co-morbidity with challenges in disease management in high burden countries.

(MTB) is the causative agent of TB. TB incidence is high in many low resource settings where limited health systems make it difficult for screening of co-morbid conditions. Susceptibility to TB is increased with coincident diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes.

Prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its predictors in children presenting with torus fractures.

Background: Review of the published articles does not show any study done to see if children with torus fracture are with Vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine association of inadequacy of Vitamin D level with torus fracture and its predictors in children in Karachi Pakistan.

Methods: Patient underage of 13 years came with torus fracture were included in study, and managed non-operatively with below elbow cast.

Prevalence of Petrooccipital Fissure Fusion: Osteological Study with Application to Approaches to the Skull Base and Imaging Interpretation.

Introduction: The petrooccipital fissure (POF) has relevance to skull base approaches, various tumors and craniosynostoses, and some cases of age-related hearing loss. However, the prevalence of fusion and classification of such is rarely found in the extant medical literature.

Methods: One-hundred and 10 dry human skulls (220 sides) were used for this study.

Perceptions, challenges and experiences of frontline healthcare providers in Emergency Departments regarding Workplace Violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol for an exploratory qualitative study from an LMIC.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) against Healthcare Workers (HCWs) has emerged as a global issue. Emergency Department (ED) HCWs as front liners are more vulnerable to it due to the nature of their work and exposure to unique medical and social situations. COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the number of cases of WPV against HCWs, especially against ED HCWs.

Demographic variables of Vestibular schwannoma's patients presented in Radio Surgical out- patient department of Cyberknife Robotic Radiosurgery, JPMC Karachi.

Objective: To determine the age, gender and sites of vestibular schwannoma cases using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Method: The retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Cyberknife Robotic Radiosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised data of patients with vestibular schwannomas from January 2016 to September 2018. Some of them were histologically proven and rest were radiologically proven.

Comparison of choroidal thickness in eyes of diabetic patients with eyes of healthy individuals using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: To compare the choroidal thickness in eyes of diabetic patients with eyes of age matched controls using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, for six months from13January 2020 to13July 2020. The study group comprised of 44 patients with 88 eyes.