Reduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. This study explores the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the gut microbiota in UC and assesses changes during vedolizumab treatment, investigating prophylactic anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Results: This cohort study included adult patients with UC receiving vedolizumab treatment at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University from April 2021 to December 2022.

Familial hypercholesterolemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a multicenter study.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder mainly marked by increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and a heightened risk of early-onset arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study seeks to characterize the genetic spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlations of FH in Chinese pediatric individuals.

Methods: Data were gathered from individuals diagnosed with FH either clinically or genetically at multiple hospitals across mainland China from January 2016 to June 2024.

Artificial Intelligence-Aided Diagnosis System for the Detection and Classification of Private-Part Skin Diseases: Decision Analytical Modeling Study.

Background: Private-part skin diseases (PPSDs) can cause a patient's stigma, which may hinder the early diagnosis of these diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an effective tool to improve the early diagnosis of PPSDs, especially in preventing the deterioration of skin tumors in private parts such as Paget disease. However, to our knowledge, there is currently no research on using AI to identify PPSDs due to the complex backgrounds of the lesion areas and the challenges in data collection.

Identification and characterization of a novel chromosome-encoded aminoglycoside -nucleotidyltransferase gene, in sp. TYF-12 isolated from the marine fish intestine.

Background: The mechanisms underlying the resistance of the genus to aminoglycosides are complex, which poses a challenge for the efficient treatment of infectious diseases caused by these pathogens. To help clinicians treat infections more effectively, a more comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms is urgently needed.

Methods: Plates were streaked to isolate bacteria from the intestinal contents of fish.

Two cases of mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the cervix is a rare malignant tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis, of which large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and HPV-independent adenocarcinoma are particularly rare, which have been reported limitedly in the literature. Here, we present 2 cases of MANEC of the cervix and discuss important considerations for diagnosing cervical poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Case Presentation: we reported two cases of mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, one HPV-independent and one HPV-associated, both with vaginal bleeding.

Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma by selectively targeting thioredoxin reductase 1.

Chemoradiotherapy is a conventional treatment modality for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, the efficacy of this approach is significantly hindered by the development of therapeutic resistance. The thioredoxin system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis, confers protection to cancer cells against apoptosis induced by chemoradiotherapy.

The potential role of cardiac CT in ischemic stroke: bridging cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health.

Ischemic stroke, accounting for approximately 80% of all stroke cases, remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Effective management of ischemic stroke is heavily influenced by its etiology, which can range from large-artery atherosclerosis and cardiac embolism to cerebral small-vessel occlusions and cryptogenic strokes. Cardioembolic stroke, which makes up about 30% of ischemic strokes, often leads to more severe symptoms and worse outcomes, necessitating anticoagulation therapy for prevention.

Prognostic Factors, Predictive Modeling, and Treatment Patterns in Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Study.

Aim: The prognostic factors and a nomogram applicable to breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) who received first-line chemotherapy have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and construct a prognostic nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) in this population.

Methods: Data for BC patients with BM undergoing first-line chemotherapy were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2016.

Newly emerged ROS1 rearrangement in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma following resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.

Background: ROS1, a member of the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptors, promotes tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis by activating the JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways. It only accounts for about 2% of total NSCLC cases. No cases of acquired ROS-1 rearrangement have been reported worldwide.

Discovery of the first examples of right open reading frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) molecular glue degraders.

Right open reading frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) is an atypical serine threonine kinase which plays an important role in regulating ribosome synthesis and cell cycle progression. RIOK2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and is a potential target for cancer treatment. We previously reported the discovery of CQ211 as a potent and selective RIOK2 inhibitor.

Association Between Dietary Niacin Intake and Rheumatoid Arthritis in American Women: A Study Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between dietary niacin intake and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in American women through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted based on NHANES 2003-2016 data. Dietary niacin intake was stratified using weighted quartiles and association of dietary niacin intake with RA was explored using weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS).

Harnessing the Power of AI for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Since its advent, artificial intelligence (AI) has been continuously researched, and substantial progress has been made in many fields, such as the diagnosis and therapies for cancer. Due to the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity, and precision, AI has been increasingly adopted in the medical field to improve patient prognosis and the efficiency of medical procedures. Thus, AI technology has become a powerful driving force and support mechanism in the medical and health industry.

Innovative utilization of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in precision cancer therapy.

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) have recently emerged as a promising platform for cancer therapy. By encapsulating therapeutic agents within a cell membrane-derived coating, these nanoparticles combine the advantages of synthetic nanoparticles and natural cell membranes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in utilizing CMNPs as effective drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.

The effect of Licochalcone A on proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of glioma cells by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: Based on Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Exploring the effects of Licochalcone A (LCA) on the proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of glioma cells through signaling pathways.

Methods: Cultivate human glioma cell line U251 in vitro, induce drug-resistant cell line U251/TMZ with Temozolomide (TMZ), and validate the results. Different concentrations of licorice chalcone A were used to treat U251 cells and U251/TMZ cells, and were named as control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group, respectively.

Aberrant brain structural-functional coupling and structural/functional network topology explain developmental delays in pediatric Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysplasia in early life. Psychoradiology studies have suggested that mental and behavioral deficits in individuals with PWS are linked to abnormalities in brain structural and functional networks. However, little is known about changes in network-based structural-functional coupling and structural/functional topological properties and their correlations with developmental scales in children with PWS.

CT Radiomic Nomogram Using Optimal Volume of Interest for Preoperatively Predicting Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinomas in Patients with Incidental Pulmonary Nodules: A Multicenter, Large-Scale Study.

Introduction: This study evaluated the efficacy of radiomic analysis with optimal volumes of interest (VOIs) on computed tomography images to preoperatively differentiate invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) from non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (non-IMA) in patients with incidental pulmonary nodules (IPNs).

Methods: This multicenter, large-scale retrospective study included 1383 patients with IPNs, 110 (8%) of whom were pathologically diagnosed with IMA postoperatively. Radiomic features were extracted from multi-scale VOI subgroups (VOI, VOI, VOI , and VOI ).

A novel ATP-binding cassette protein (NoboABCG1.3) plays a role in the proliferation of Nosema bombycis.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, one of the largest families of membrane transport proteins, participate in almost all biological processes and widely exist in living organisms. Microsporidia are intracellular parasites; they can reduce crop yields and pose a threat to human health. The ABC proteins are also present in microsporidia and play a critical role in their proliferation and energy transport.

Nomogram for predicting the early death of patients with stage IV ovarian cancer: a retrospective analysis of the SEER database.

Background: Ovarian cancer is a major health problem for women all over the world and tends to progress to advanced stages. Therefore, it is important to predict the early survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study is to assist clinicians in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with stage IV ovarian cancer in order to make optimal medical decisions.

Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents treated with growth hormone: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Whether the addition of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) could yield additional benefit for short stature is controversial. We aimed to assess the effects of combined AIs and rhGH versus those of rhGH alone for short stature using a meta-analytic approach. The PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library electronic databases were searched systematically for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until December 2021.

The mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses during the omicron outbreak.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased depressive symptoms and diminished sleep quality among nurses. This study explores the relationships among social support, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak, with a focus on the mediating role of sleep quality.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 2140 nurses was conducted from August to September 2022.

Oral traditional Chinese medicine for mild to moderate cases of COVID-19: a network meta-analysis based on RCTs.

Introduction: This systemic review examines the effectiveness and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine with standard therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methodology: We retrieved articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipi (VIP), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The deadline for retrieval was 20 August 2022, and it was updated on 1 July 2023.

Lateral Fusion is a Unique Feature in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Limited clinical literature addresses potential differences in fusion features between Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). We observed that in OLIF, there are many cases with the appearance of extra-vertebral bone bridges (EVB), a phenomenon distinct from traditional TLIF fusion.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum as a feed additive: modulating gut microbiota for enhancing nutritional transport and growth performance in Jinhua yellow chickens.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (TH) has attracted much attention for its heat clearing and detoxification effects, but whether it can become an effective feed supplement in chickens remains unclear. Herein, a total of 120 male Jinhua yellow chickens (two-mth-old) were randomly divided into into four groups (CON, TH-L, TH-M, and TH-H) for a 56-day feeding trial to explore its effects on growth performance and underlying mechanism. Results revealed that dietary TH notably increased the average daily growth (ADG), and decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in TH-H group during 29-56 days.

Corrigendum: Advances in retinal imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Thermosensitive Hydrogel Integrated with Bimetallic Nano-Enzymes for Modulating the Microenvironment in Diabetic Wound Beds.

Effective regulation and reconstruction of the microenvironment are critical for the regeneration of chronic wounds. Diabetic wounds, in particular, pose a significant clinical challenge due to increased oxidative stress and dysfunctional healing processes. In this study, a novel therapeutic strategy is developed using 3D copper-magnesium bimetallic antioxidant nano-enzymes (Cu/Mg-MOF) to mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore redox balance through electron transfer.