Association of anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin resistance in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is confirmed as an important feature among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a vital marker of ovarian dysfunction, is proposed for inclusion in the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. We sought to investigate the relationship between the AMH level and IR in Chinese girls with PCOS.

Azithromycin ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating Nrf2/GCL/GSH signaling pathway.

Background: Airway epithelium is the first barrier against environmental insults, and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke (CS) is particularly relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. Our study was to determine whether Azithromycin (AZI) ameliorates CS-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), Sprague Dawley rats and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-/- mice were pretreated with AZI and subsequently exposed to CS.

Assessment of stromal SCD-induced drug resistance of PDAC using 3D-printed zPDX model chips.

Lipid metabolism is extensively reprogrammed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a critical lipid regulator that was unexplored in PDAC. Here, we characterized the existence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with high SCD expression, and revealed them as an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Plantamajoside promotes metformin-induced apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation arrest of liver cancer cells via suppressing Akt/GSK3β signaling.

Metformin, a well-known antidiabetic drug, exhibits anticancer effect in a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside compound isolated from Plantago asiatica, is proved to possess anticancer effects, too. In our study, we hypothesized that PMS might promote metformin mediated anticancer effects on liver cancer.

Feasibility and Engagement of Multi-domain Cognitive Training in Community-Dwelling Healthy Elderly in Shanghai.

Background: In recent years, cognitive training has been one of the important non-pharmaceutical treatment methods that could delay cognitive decline and improve quality of life in the elderly. In different types of cognitive training, both the cognitive domains focused on and their training methods widely vary. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and engagement of multidomain cognitive training in Chinese community-dwelling healthy elderly.

Axial length growth difference between eyes after monocular laser refractive surgery: eight patients who underwent myopic laser ablation for both eyes at intervals of several years.

Background: Myopia is a global public health issue. Controlling myopia progression is a primary focus of myopia studies today. Peripheral retinal myopic defocus is considered the mechanism for reduced myopia progression in orthokeratology studies.

Homocysteine is an indicator of arterial stiffness in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy) is closely related to arterial stiffness (AS) in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine(Hcy) level and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese women with PCOS.

Psychological Impact During the First Outbreak of COVID-19 on Frontline Health Care Workers in Shanghai.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant health threat. Health care worker (HCWs) are at a significant risk of infection which may cause high levels of psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on HCWs and factors which were associated with these stresses during the first outbreak in Shanghai.

Improvement of anti-Müllerian hormone and oxidative stress through regular exercise in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: Structured exercise is shown to be one of the most effective lifestyle interventions for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been proposed as a marker of ovarian dysfunction, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of PCOS. We sought to investigate whether there was any effect of aerobic exercise on AMH levels and oxidative stress in Chinese PCOS women.

MiR-221/222 promote migration and invasion, and inhibit autophagy and apoptosis by modulating ATG10 in aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma.

MicroRNA (miRNA) has been reported to exert important functions in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). However, the role of miRNA in aggressive PTC (APTC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diagnostic potentials and mechanisms of miR-221/222 in APTC.

SCDb: an integrated database of stomach cancer.

Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is a type of cancer, which is derived from the stomach mucous membrane. As there are non-specific symptoms or no noticeable symptoms observed at the early stage, newly diagnosed SC cases usually reach an advanced stage and are thus difficult to cure. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an integrated database of SC.

Resveratrol improves lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease characterized by insulin resistance and lipid deposition in tissues.  To this end, we examined the effect of Resveratrol (RES) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. RES, in a dose dependent manner, decreased the insulin resistance, and improved kidney function and lipid metabolism in STZ treated rats.

ZEB1-AS1/miR-133a-3p/LPAR3/EGFR axis promotes the progression of thyroid cancer by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a member of common malignant tumors in endocrine system. To develop effective treatment, further comprehension of understanding molecular mechanism in TC is necessary. In this research, we attempted to search the underlying molecular mechanism in TC.

Expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in patients with bladder cancer and their relationship to prognosis.

Objective: MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. It was found that the expression of miR-195 in bladder cancer was abnormally decreased, suggesting that miR-195 may affect the development of bladder cancer. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in bladder cancer tissues and analyzed the relationship between miR-195 and MEK1 in cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The present meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous application of tranexamic acid (TXA) with placebo in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip surgeries.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until March 2018. A combined searching strategy of subject words and random words was adopted.

Inferring Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes with a Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Network Diffusion Algorithms.

Extensive studies on tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are helpful to understand the pathogenesis of cancer and design effective treatments. However, identifying TSGs using traditional experiments is quite difficult and time consuming. Developing computational methods to identify possible TSGs is an alternative way.

The characteristics of ctDNA reveal the high complexity in matching the corresponding tumor tissues.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an efficient and sensitive method to detect mutations from ctDNA. Many features and clinical conditions could significantly affect the concordance between ctDNA and corresponding tumor tissues. Our goal was to systematically investigate the critical factors contributing to different concordance between ctDNA and corresponding tumor tissues.

Causes and Three-year Incidence of Irreversible Visual Impairment in Jing-An District, Shanghai, China from 2010-2015.

Background: The registry system can be used to observe the distribution trend of diseases and analyze the related data to provide useful information in a way that enables the government to take appropriate interventional measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and three-year incidence of newly registered disabled patients who were blind or had low vision in Jing-An District, Shanghai, China from 2010 to 2015.

Methods: Data from the registration system of visual disability in Jing-An District, Shanghai from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed.

Influences of doping mesoporous magnesium silicate on water absorption, drug release, degradability, apatite-mineralization and primary cells responses to calcium sulfate based bone cements.

In this study, composite cements containing mesoporous magnesium silicate (m-MS) and calcium sulfate (CS) were fabricated. The results revealed that the setting time of the m-MS/CS composite cements (m-MSC) slightly prolonged with the increase of m-MS content while the compressive strength suffered a little loss. The doping of m-MS improved the water absorption, drug release (vancomycin) and degradability of the m-MSC in Tris-HCl solution (pH=7.

Combination with intravenous iron supplementation or doubling erythropoietin dose for patients with chemotherapy-induced anaemia inadequately responsive to initial erythropoietin treatment alone: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a commonly used option in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA). However, ∼30-50% of patients fail to achieve an adequate response after initial treatment. Prior studies have demonstrated that intravenous iron might synergistically improve therapeutic response to EPO treatment in this patient population.

Advances of recurrent risk factors and management of choledocholithiasis.

Gallstone disease is a common and frequently occurring disease in human, and it is the main disease among the digestive system diseases. The incidence of gallstone disease in western countries is about 5%-22%, and common bile duct stones (CBDS) accounts for 8%-20%. CBDS easily lead to biliary obstruction, secondary cholangitis, pancreatitis, and obstructive jaundice, even endanger life.

Common genetic variant on BMP4 contributes to colorectal adenoma and cancer: A meta-analysis based on 15 studies.

Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic contribution to colorectal cancer (CRC), but specific genetic variants remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified rs4444235 at BMP4 as a new colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA) susceptibility locus in populations of European descent. After that, several validation studies have been conducted among various ethnic populations to investigate if the SNP was associated with CRC/CRA, but the results have been inconsistent.

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning protects lung against hyperoxic acute lung injury in rats via heme oxygenase-1 induction.

Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is a clinical syndrome as a result of prolonged supplement of high concentrations of oxygen. Previous studies have shown hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) had a protective effect on oxidative injury. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HBO-PC on HALI in rats.

Endovascular coil embolization of aneurysm neck for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm with bleb formation.

Background: Ruptured intracranial aneurysm (ICA) with bleb formation (RICABF) is a special type of ruptured ICA. However, the exact role and effectiveness of endovascular coil embolization (ECE) in RICABF is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of ECE of aneurysm neck for RICABF treatment.