Climate change, air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases: understanding risk factors and the need for adaptive strategies.

Under the background of climate change, the escalating air pollution and extreme weather events have been identified as risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), causing serious public health burden worldwide. This review aims to summarize the effects of changed atmospheric environment caused by climate change on CRD. Results indicated an increased risk of CRD (mainly COPD, asthma) associated with environmental factors, such as air pollutants, adverse meteorological conditions, extreme temperatures, sandstorms, wildfire, and atmospheric allergens.

Impact of residential solid fuel usage and fuel conversion on children's lung function.

Solid fuel combustion exposure is a leading global health risk factor, yet evidence on its effects, especially on vulnerable children, is sparse. This large-scale, multi-center prospective study aimed to address this gap by involving 9997 schoolchildren across China between 2013 and 2015. Here we show that lung function levels exhibited a marginally significant decline among children exposed to solid fuel usage.

Changes in the gut microbiota of esophageal carcinoma patients based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study conducts a systematic review through meta-analysis, comparing the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in patients with esophageal cancer and healthy individuals, and explores the relationship between risk factors and related factors of esophageal cancer.

Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we comprehensively searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library. In addition, we applied the R programming language version 4.

Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging.

The glymphatic system is cerebrospinal fluid-brain tissue fluid exchange flow mediated by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on the end feet of astrocytes for a system, which is capable of rapidly removing brain metabolites and thus maintaining brain homeostasis, and is known as the central immune system. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system causes accumulation of misfolded and highly phosphorylated proteins (amyloid-β and Tau proteins), which destabilizes the proteins, and the body's neuroinflammatory factors are altered causing aging of the immune system and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Damage to the glymphatic system and aging share common manifestations, as well as unstudied biological mechanisms that are also linked, such as mitochondria, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and sleep.

The joint effect of cumulative doses for outdoor air pollutants exposure in early life on asthma and wheezing among young children.

Background: Constrained by no proper way to assess cumulative exposure, the joint effect of air pollution cumulative exposure doses on childhood asthma and wheezing (AW) was not understood.

Objective: To assess the association between cumulative exposure to multiple air pollutants in early life and childhood AW.

Methods: We designed a nested case-control study based on the birth cohort in Jinan City.