A review on emerging pharmaceutical residues in Ethiopia: occurrence, ecotoxicological aspects, and regulatory concerns.

Background: Pharmaceuticals are expected to improve human and animal health, but improper management and regulation have led to adverse effects such as reproductive disorders, antibiotic resistance, and biodiversity loss in ecosystems. Their presence in the environment poses significant risks, including a reduction in biodiversity, reproductive issues, and the development of antimicrobial resistance. This review aims to examine the occurrence and sources of pharmaceuticals in the environment and their ecotoxicological and regulatory aspects, with a focus on Ethiopia.

Tailoring COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in High-Seroprevalence Settings: Insights from Ethiopia.

This study aimed to retrospectively assess the cost-effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Ethiopia. It involved healthcare workers (HCWs) and community participants; and was conducted through interviews and serological tests. Local SARS-CoV-2 variants and seroprevalence rates, as well as national COVID-19 reports and vaccination status were also analyzed.

Traditional herbal medicine regulatory implementation in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.

Approximately 80% of the Ethiopian population predominantly depends on herbal medicines (HMs) for their primary healthcare needs. Nevertheless, worries regarding the safety, efficacy, and standard of herbal-based treatments have been escalating due to the lack of strong regulatory frameworks. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the presence of regulatory frameworks for traditional herbal medicines and their enforcement in Ethiopia.

Factors associated with stunting in under-five children with environmental enteropathy in slum areas of Jimma town, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Stunting is a major public health issue with a significant influence on the health and development of children in low-income countries, where it affects up to 32% of children. Nutritional intake is impacted by alterations in intestinal permeability and underlying chronic inflammation, which hinder children's normal linear growth. Environmental enteropathy is a poorly understood condition with chronic intestinal inflammation.

Assessment of the extent and monetary loss in the selected public hospitals in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: expired medicine perspectives.

Introduction: Medicine plays a crucial role in the field of healthcare as a therapeutically significant pharmaceutical product. By effectively preventing diseases, medicine has the power to save countless lives and improve the quality of life for people worldwide. However, despite hospitals' efforts to provide medical care to patients, a significant issue arises from the substantial amount of drugs that go unused due to expiration dates.

In-vitro susceptibility and ex-vivo evaluation of macrocyclic lactone endectocides sub-lethal concentrations against Plasmodium vivax oocyst development in Anopheles arabiensis.

Background: Asymptomatic malaria transmission has become a public health concern across malaria-endemic Africa including Ethiopia. Specifically, Plasmodium vivax is more efficient at transmitting earlier in the infection and at lower densities than Plasmodium falciparum. Consequently, a greater proportion of individuals infected with P.

Assessment of the magnitude and contributing factors of expired medicines in the public pharmaceutical supply chains of Western Ethiopia.

Background: The magnitude of expired medicines in supply chains are increasing globally due to lack of strict control of the supply chain, poor storage management and oversupply of medicines. This situation is very serious in resource-poor countries, including Ethiopia, where the supply of medicines is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and the contributing factors of expired medicines in the Public Pharmaceutical Supply Chains of Western Ethiopia.

Environmental enteropathy and its association with water sanitation and hygiene in slum areas of Jimma Town Ethiopia.

Background: Environmental Enteropathy is an inflammatory condition of the gut that leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction. It is a common problem in resource-limited countries and results from exposure to larger quantities of fecal bacteria to poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Due to poor intestinal permeability, there is a problem with absorption of nutrients, which in turn leads to growth faltering, poor cognitive development, and oral-vaccine failure.

Effect of seasonal variation on yield and leaf quality of tea clone (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in South West Ethiopia.

The tea plant is widely cultivated in southwest Ethiopia. But the impact of seasonal variation on monthly yield, leaf quality, and the long-term yield response potential of clones has not been studied. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of seasonal change and climate variables on the yield and leaf quality of tea plants in southwest Ethiopia.

Environmental Enteropathy and Anaemia Status Among Under-Five Children, in Slum Areas of Jimma Town, Ethiopia.

Background: The most important anemia next to iron deficiency is anemia of inflammation. Micronutrient deficits, such as those in zinc and iron, can be caused by intestinal permeability and gut inflammation brought on by environmental enteric dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of anemia with Environmental Enteropathy.

Quality of Antimalarial Drugs in East Africa: A Systematic Review.

Background: The use of poor quality drugs will have multiple consequences with an extended hazard of growing drug-resistant strains.

Purpose: The review aimed to provide the quality status of antimalarial drugs in East Africa.

Data Source: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from September 5 to September 12, 2021.

Degradation kinetics of artesunate for the development of an ex-tempore intravenous injection.

Background: Artesunate is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for parenteral treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, artesunate is inherently unstable in an aqueous solution and hydrolyses rapidly after its preparation for injection. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the stabilizing effects of phosphate buffer and mannitol against short-term (ex-tempore) artesunate hydrolysis.

Influence of clone and nitrogen application level on quality of green tea in some selected tea ( (L.)O. Kuntze) in Southwest Ethiopia.

The biochemical constituents and organoleptic characteristics of (L.) O. Kuntze clones are not studied well in Ethiopia.

Characterization of Engl Resin as a Potential Use for Pharmaceutical Excipient.

Pharmaceutical excipients derived from natural sources like resins are nowadays meritoriously used in the formulation of drugs. Resins of natural origin have many advantages over chemically synthesized substances; they are safer, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and widely available. To our knowledge, resins from plants have been not sufficiently explored for application in pharmaceutical formulations.

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Sequentially extracted Leaf of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern (Rejicho).

Background: Though there are reports about V. auriculifera antimicrobial activity, there is not enough information about its activity on some bacterial and fungal species. Besides, there was no quantitative evaluation done for phytochemicals previously.

Quality-by-Design Principles Applied to the Establishment of a Pharmaceutical Quality Control Laboratory in a Resource-Limited Setting: The Lab Water.

Quality-by-design (QbD) is defined as a systematic approach to design and develop a product/service based on sound science and quality risk management. It is already frequently applied in the pharmaceutical industry mainly in the development of pharmaceutical products and analytical methods but is not well established in the setup of facilities like quality control (QC) laboratory (lab). Therefore, lab QbD (lQbD) concept is introduced considering lab water purification system as an example.

Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia.

Background: Medicines of poor quality are currently prevailing problems undermining the quality of health care services in veterinary and human medicine. In this study, physico-chemical quality of veterinary medicines was evaluated.

Methods: A total of 959 veterinary medicines samples were collected during routine regulatory activities, i.

Quality Evaluation of Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablet Batches Available in Governmental Health Facilities of Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: The availability of poor-quality drugs on the drug market might favor the ineffectiveness of the drug and/antimicrobial resistance.

Aim: To evaluate the quality of similar batches of ethambutol hydrochloride tablets available in different governmental health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: The World Health Organization checklist was used to inspect the storage area of health facilities and check medicines for the sign of counterfeit.

Dissolution Profile Evaluation of Eight Brands of Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Available in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: Dissolution is the critical quality control parameter and used to predict an in vivo oral bioavailability, and it is used to support bio-waiver.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the dissolution profile of eight brands of metformin HCL 500 mg tablets available in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: The study was conducted in Jimma town, Ethiopia.

In Vitro Comparative Quality Assessment of Different Brands of Doxycycline Hyclate Finished Dosage Forms: Capsule and Tablet in Jimma Town, South-West Ethiopia.

Background: Persistent postmarket quality evaluation helps produce clear information on the current quality status of the different brands of a given drug and hence introduces a biopharmaceutical and therapeutically equivalent list of the products to the prescribers and users of it. This in turn facilitates access to essential medicines by breaking the high-cost barrier imposed by a few expensive brands of the product. This study was aimed at determining the quality and evaluating the equivalence of doxycycline hyclate capsules and tablets in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Ethnobotanical Assessment and Physicochemical Properties of Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Traditional Healers Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The demand for traditional herbal medicine is increasing and about 85% of the world population use herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases. More than 62.5% of the forest areas in Ethiopia are found in the southwest region, which have been used as a source of traditional medicine to treat different human and livestock ailments.

Environmental risk assessment of the anthelmintic albendazole in Eastern Africa, based on a systematic review.

This study performs an environmental risk assessment (ERA) of the anthelmintic medicine albendazole (ABZ) in the eastern African region. A systematic literature search strategy was applied to obtain quantitative information on the physicochemical characteristics, the metabolization-fate, the ecotoxicity and the environmental occurrence in different countries worldwide serving as model regions. In addition, insilico tools were employed to obtain data on physicochemical characteristics and toxic hazards of ABZ and its metabolites.

Development of a dissolution method for lumefantrine and artemether in immediate release fixed dose artemether/lumefantrine tablets.

Background: Dissolution of artemether (ART) and lumefantrine (LUM) active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in fixed dose combination (FDC) ART/LUM tablets is one of the critical quality attributes. Thus, the verification of the release profile of ART and LUM from FDC ART/LUM tablets using a robust and discriminatory dissolution method is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an appropriate dissolution method for quality control of FDC ART/LUM tablets.

Physicochemical Quality Assessment of Antimalarial Medicines: Chloroquine Phosphate and Quinine Sulfate Tablets from Drug Retail Outlets of South-West Ethiopia.

Background: Malaria is a complex disease and main community health problem in Africa and the top leading cause of outpatient visits, admissions, and deaths in Ethiopia. Its effective management is possible through early diagnosis and immediate treatment employing antimalarials. The quality of these drugs has to be good enough to attain their intended purpose.