Research progress and challenges of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gliomas.

The emergence of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressants provides new therapeutic directions for various advanced malignant cancers. At present, PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants have made significant progress in clinical trials of some gliomas, but PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have not yet shown convincing clinical efficacy in gliomas. This article summarizes the research progress of the PD-1 /PD-L1 pathway in gliomas through the following three aspects.

Genetically predicted osteoprotegerin levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.

Purpose: The relationship between circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been the subject of conflicting results in previous observational and experimental studies. To assess the causal effect of genetically predicted OPG levels on the risk of a wide range of CVDs, we used the Mendelian randomization design.

Design: We initially extracted information of genetic variants on OPG levels and their corresponding effect values from the summary data based on the European ancestry genome-wide association study.

A review of physiological functions of orexin: From instinctive responses to subjective cognition.

Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is an excitatory neuropeptide secreted by the hypothalamus. Orexin is divided into orexin-A (OXA) and orexin-B (OXB), which are derived from a common precursor secreted by hypothalamic neurons. Orexin acts on orexin receptor-1 (OX1R) and orexin receptor-2 (OX2R).

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined montelukast sodium on cough variant asthma in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cough variant asthma in children is a special type of asthma. Although there are many effective cases of combined acupuncture and western medicine in the clinical treatment of this kind of children, there is no standardized acupuncture combined with western medicine to evaluate the curative effect. Therefore, combined with existing reports, a systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture combined with montelukast sodium in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children were carried out to obtain conclusive results.

Effect of Electroacupuncture at GV20 on Sleep Deprivation-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice.

Accumulating evidence suggests that sleep deprivation (S-Dep) is a critical risk factor for depression. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been reported to ameliorate posttraumatic stress disorder- (PSTD-) like behavior and enhance hippocampal neurogenesis. However, whether EA treatment has any beneficial effect on S-Dep-induced depression-like behavior is still unknown.

Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Using Chinese Medicinal Plants: Special Emphasis on Mechanisms of Immune Modulation.

Numerous studies have examined the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The causes of osteoporosis include endocrine factors, nutritional status, genetic factors, physical factors, and immune factors. Recent osteoimmunology studies demonstrated that the immune system and immune factors play important regulatory roles in the occurrence of osteoporosis, and people should pay more attention to the relationship between immunity and osteoporosis.

Tranquilizing and Allaying Excitement Needling Method Affects BDNF and SYP Expression in Hippocampus.

Sleep disorder is a state of sleep loss caused by various reasons, which leads to a series of changes, such as emotion, learning and memory, and immune function. "Tranquilizing and allaying excitement" was widely used in clinical treatment of insomnia; however, the mechanism was still not very clear. We randomly divided rats into three groups: control group, sleep deprivation group, and acupuncture treatment group.

Comparative effectiveness of Di'ao Xin Xue Kang capsule and Compound Danshen tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina.

A high proportion of patients with stable angina remains symptomatic despite multiple treatment options. Di'ao Xinxuekang (XXK) capsule and Compound Danshen (CDS) tablet have been approved for treating angina pectoris for more than 20 years in China. We compare the anti-anginal effectiveness of XXK capsule and CDS tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina.

[Corynebacterium aquaticum infection: one case report and literature review].

Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of Corynebacterium aquaticum infection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of one case of Corynebacterium aquaticum infection and literature review were conducted.

Results: A 39-year old male patient was admitted because of cough, sputum production, fever and right chest pain for 10 days.

Long-term anodal block stimulation at sacral anterior roots promoted recovery of neurogenic bladder function in a rabbit model of complete spinal cord injury.

A complete spinal cord injury model was established in experimental rabbits using the spinal cord clip compression method. Urodynamic examination was performed 2 weeks later to determine neurogenic bladder status. The rabbits were treated with anodal block stimulation at sacral anterior roots for 4 weeks.

[The comparison of CD4(+);CD25(high); Foxp3(+); regulatory T cells between neonatal cord blood and adult peripheral blood.].

Aim: To quantify the proportion of CD4(+);CD25(high); Foxp3(+); regulatory T cells (Treg) in neonatal cord blood and adult peripheral blood, and to explore the clinical significance of Treg in neonatal cord blood.

Methods: The percentage of CD4(+); T cells, and ratio of CD4(+);CD25(+);/CD4(+); and CD4(+);CD25(high);/CD4(+);T cells in mononuclear cells in 30 neonatal cord blood and 27 adult peripheral blood were examinea with flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of Foxp3(+); in CD4(+);CD25(+); and CD4(+);CD25(high); T cells was examined with FCM and RT-PCR, respectively RT-PCR.